General government gross debt

General government gross debt is defined in the Maastricht Treaty as consolidated general government gross debt at nominal value, outstanding at the end of the year in the following categories of government liabilities (as defined in ESA95): currency and deposits (AF.2), securities other than shares excluding financial derivatives (AF.3, excluding AF.34), and loans (AF.4). The general government sector comprises the sub-sectors of central government, state government, local government and social security funds. The series are presented as a percentage of GDP and in millions of euro. GDP used as a denominator is the gross domestic product at current market prices. Data expressed in national currency are converted into euro using end-year exchange rates provided by the European Central Bank.

Additional information on Eurostat web page

Percentage of GDP
	1995	1996	1997	1998	1999	2000	2001	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012
EU (27 countries)	..	69.9	68.3	66.4	65.8	61.9	61.1	60.5	62.0	62.4	62.8	61.6	59.0	62.3	74.6	80.0	82.5	85.3
Belgium	130.2	127.2	122.5	117.2	113.6	107.8	106.5	103.4	98.4	94.0	92.0	88.0	84.0	89.2	95.7	95.5	97.8	99.6
Bulgaria	..	..	108.3	77.6	77.6	72.5	66.0	52.4	44.4	37.0	27.5	21.6	17.2	13.7	14.6	16.2	16.3	18.5
Czech Republic	14.0	11.9	12.6	14.5	15.8	17.8	23.9	27.1	28.6	28.9	28.4	28.3	27.9	28.7	34.2	37.8	40.8	45.8
Denmark	72.6	69.4	65.4	61.4	58.1	52.4	49.6	49.5	47.2	45.1	37.8	32.1	27.1	33.4	40.7	42.7	46.4	45.8
Germany	55.6	58.5	59.8	60.5	61.3	60.2	59.1	60.7	64.4	66.2	68.5	68.0	65.2	66.8	74.5	82.4	80.4	81.9
Estonia	8.2	7.6	7.0	6.0	6.5	5.1	4.8	5.7	5.6	5.0	4.6	4.4	3.7	4.5	7.2	6.7	6.2	10.1
Ireland	80.1	72.3	63.5	53.0	47.0	35.1	35.2	32.0	30.7	29.5	27.3	24.6	25.1	44.5	64.8	92.1	106.4	117.6
Greece	97.0	99.4	96.6	94.5	94.0	103.4	103.7	101.7	97.4	98.6	100.0	106.1	107.4	112.9	129.7	148.3	170.3	156.9
Spain	63.3	67.4	66.1	64.1	62.4	59.4	55.6	52.6	48.8	46.3	43.2	39.7	36.3	40.2	53.9	61.5	69.3	84.2
France	55.5	58.0	59.2	59.4	58.9	57.3	56.9	58.8	62.9	64.9	66.4	63.7	64.2	68.2	79.2	82.4	85.8	90.2
Italy	120.9	120.2	117.5	114.3	113.1	108.6	108.3	105.4	104.1	103.7	105.7	106.3	103.3	106.1	116.4	119.3	120.8	127.0
Cyprus	51.8	53.1	57.4	59.2	59.3	59.6	61.2	65.1	69.7	70.9	69.4	64.7	58.8	48.9	58.5	61.3	71.1	85.8
Latvia	15.1	13.9	11.1	9.6	12.5	12.4	14.1	13.6	14.7	15.0	12.5	10.7	9.0	19.8	36.9	44.4	41.9	40.7
Lithuania	11.5	13.8	15.4	16.5	22.7	23.6	23.0	22.2	21.0	19.3	18.3	17.9	16.8	15.5	29.3	37.9	38.5	40.7
Luxembourg	7.4	7.4	7.4	7.1	6.4	6.2	6.3	6.3	6.1	6.3	6.1	6.7	6.7	14.4	15.3	19.2	18.3	20.8
Hungary	85.6	72.4	62.9	60.9	60.8	56.1	52.7	55.9	58.6	59.5	61.7	65.9	67.0	73.0	79.8	81.8	81.4	79.2
Malta	34.2	38.6	46.7	51.8	55.2	53.9	58.9	57.9	66.0	69.8	68.0	62.5	60.7	60.9	66.4	67.4	70.3	72.1
Netherlands	76.1	74.1	68.2	65.7	61.1	53.8	50.7	50.5	52.0	52.4	51.8	47.4	45.3	58.5	60.8	63.1	65.5	71.2
Austria	68.2	68.1	64.1	64.4	66.8	66.2	66.8	66.2	65.3	64.7	64.2	62.3	60.2	63.8	69.2	72.0	72.5	73.4
Poland	49.0	43.4	42.9	38.9	39.6	36.8	37.6	42.2	47.1	45.7	47.1	47.7	45.0	47.1	50.9	54.8	56.2	55.6
Portugal	59.2	58.2	55.5	51.8	51.4	50.7	53.8	56.8	59.4	61.9	67.7	69.4	68.4	71.7	83.7	94.0	108.3	123.6
Romania	6.6	10.6	15.0	16.8	21.7	22.5	25.7	24.9	21.5	18.7	15.8	12.4	12.8	13.4	23.6	30.5	34.7	37.8
Slovenia	18.6	21.9	22.4	23.1	24.1	26.3	26.5	27.8	27.2	27.3	26.7	26.4	23.1	22.0	35.0	38.6	46.9	54.1
Slovakia	22.1	31.1	33.7	34.5	47.8	50.3	48.9	43.4	42.4	41.5	34.2	30.5	29.6	27.9	35.6	41.0	43.3	52.1
Finland	56.6	57.0	53.9	48.4	45.7	43.8	42.5	41.5	44.5	44.4	41.7	39.6	35.2	33.9	43.5	48.6	49.0	53.0
Sweden	72.8	73.3	71.2	69.9	64.3	53.9	54.7	52.5	51.7	50.3	50.4	45.3	40.2	38.8	42.6	39.4	38.4	38.2
United Kingdom	51.2	51.3	49.8	46.7	43.7	41.0	37.7	37.7	39.1	41.0	42.2	43.3	44.2	52.7	67.8	79.4	85.5	90.0
Iceland	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	26.0	27.9	28.5	70.4	87.9	93.0	101.0	..
Norway	..	..	..	..	..	..	29.2	36.1	44.3	45.6	44.5	55.4	51.5	48.2	43.5	43.7	29.0	..
Switzerland	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Croatia	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	40.0	40.9	43.2	43.7	35.5	32.9	28.9	35.3	..	..	..
Turkey	..	..	..	..	..	43.1	77.9	74.0	67.7	59.6	52.7	46.5	39.9	40.0	46.1	42.4	..	..
Millions of euro (from 1.1.1999)/Millions of ECU (up to 31.12.1998)
	1995	1996	1997	1998	1999	2000	2001	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012
EU (27 countries)	..	5165701.0	5327516.5	5427963.1	5647596.2	5698453.5	5854449.5	6013259.7	6265371.1	6617381.8	6963230.2	7214104.0	7319728.3	7770004.8	8765652.4	9825305.7	10435932.0	11011797.0
Belgium	282164.2	270741.2	268506.6	269613.5	271296.3	272186.1	276646.8	277715.7	271636.6	273880.6	279013.7	280413.0	282106.1	308957.8	326038.8	340257.4	361672.1	375388.9
Bulgaria	..	..	9266.9	9125.8	9647.4	10168.5	10269.8	8890.2	8126.5	7526.2	6388.6	5721.0	5296.9	4847.5	5108.7	5856.1	6284.2	7357.7
Czech Republic	6141.1	6135.2	6237.7	8482.0	9420.9	11525.8	18299.6	22006.2	23703.3	27829.1	30531.1	34495.6	38434.4	41091.6	48576.7	57338.4	60844.2	69932.5
Denmark	101430.6	99736.9	97863.3	95976.4	94680.9	90864.7	89006.3	91404.9	88819.7	88952.4	78206.2	70191.9	61667.4	78535.6	90996.1	101003.4	111800.5	111574.2
Germany	1066904.6	1101488.8	1130998.0	1185448.6	1225272.1	1232252.3	1243137.9	1295303.4	1383766.8	1454115.8	1524802.0	1573816.0	1583660.5	1652597.6	1768919.4	2056088.9	2085181.3	2166278.4
Estonia	237.6	282.1	313.1	300.4	348.0	315.6	333.5	445.5	489.7	486.7	511.3	590.7	592.2	737.4	991.3	961.7	996.2	1723.5
Ireland	41333.3	44964.4	44186.6	41690.2	42590.0	37165.1	41427.0	41885.9	43303.1	44255.1	44443.3	43765.5	47338.7	79607.9	104543.6	144164.3	169225.7	192460.6
Greece	95013.3	107666.4	114864.3	115679.0	122334.7	140971.0	151869.0	159214.0	168025.0	183157.0	195421.0	224204.0	239300.0	263284.0	299685.0	329515.0	355172.0	303918.0
Spain	295206.4	323919.9	331204.4	345968.0	361775.0	374033.0	378247.0	383435.0	382032.0	389142.0	392497.0	391055.0	382307.0	436984.0	565082.0	644692.0	736468.0	883873.0
France	675120.9	711533.0	745308.9	786610.0	804496.0	826392.0	851577.0	910874.0	1003351.0	1076932.0	1145354.0	1149937.0	1211563.0	1318601.0	1493385.0	1594977.0	1716887.0	1833810.0
Italy	1070525.1	1227807.5	1235189.9	1255415.1	1282605.3	1301120.9	1360228.2	1371594.7	1397371.3	1449606.2	1518555.6	1587780.8	1605126.1	1671001.0	1769254.0	1851252.0	1907392.0	1988658.0
Cyprus	3589.5	3896.2	4478.1	4981.6	5416.8	5930.9	6567.5	7246.2	8093.3	8963.3	9490.7	9445.0	9307.3	8388.2	9864.5	10674.5	12778.4	15349.5
Latvia	558.1	621.1	619.5	573.5	904.6	1010.9	1312.4	1262.9	1388.7	1591.1	1612.2	1706.7	1911.0	4497.6	6804.0	8009.7	8540.9	9042.8
Lithuania	587.5	931.0	1408.9	1593.4	2480.3	2912.1	3185.2	3365.7	3487.2	3520.4	3845.0	4326.5	4836.1	5032.1	7814.8	10463.2	11863.3	13333.1
Luxembourg	1165.2	1183.4	1202.6	1235.7	1278.2	1356.4	1423.9	1517.2	1580.3	1741.5	1837.5	2265.9	2502.0	5394.9	5527.2	7672.5	7804.1	9232.2
Hungary	26760.9	24541.7	24335.6	24793.8	27337.0	27696.0	32438.6	40517.1	41835.6	49990.7	53713.4	61977.0	66036.6	72629.9	75616.4	78342.2	72130.1	76568.4
Malta	968.4	1177.2	1568.6	1790.2	2146.0	2337.9	2669.8	2632.6	3022.3	3211.9	3355.4	3253.6	3385.1	3632.5	3962.6	4257.7	4607.3	4871.2
Netherlands	242710.5	239011.6	230842.3	238183.0	236085.0	224765.0	227096.0	235090.0	248009.0	257604.0	266060.0	255916.0	258982.0	347525.0	348284.0	371784.0	394197.0	427515.0
Austria	123748.3	123596.6	116974.8	123641.2	133145.9	137994.6	143113.9	146019.8	146859.5	151869.8	157428.5	161392.8	165023.7	180475.2	191069.3	206086.7	217878.6	227431.1
Poland	50877.4	50899.7	57012.5	57143.6	63335.2	71128.9	83774.8	84778.9	84376.7	103411.9	119953.1	132089.8	147313.2	144659.9	166666.3	195427.7	192704.4	217667.9
Portugal	53013.4	55508.3	55666.7	57159.0	61004.4	64514.4	72332.4	79854.3	85218.0	92442.0	104407.3	111689.8	115786.4	123302.0	141055.1	162473.3	185240.7	204485.0
Romania	..	2333.9	4334.5	4852.1	6527.4	7532.8	10917.2	10757.1	10309.5	11768.7	12397.6	12585.6	14763.0	17158.6	27955.5	37426.2	44678.1	49997.0
Slovenia	2788.0	3540.4	3915.3	4428.9	4921.0	5483.6	6035.5	6707.8	6941.5	7425.4	7687.3	8204.4	7980.9	8180.1	12449.5	13736.7	16954.4	19189.4
Slovakia	3297.3	5048.6	6311.8	6295.0	9549.0	10753.4	11657.5	11598.9	12590.0	14560.6	13398.2	14697.0	16324.9	18623.6	22331.3	26998.4	29911.3	37244.5
Finland	56526.5	57713.0	57456.7	56414.1	55887.3	57892.2	59141.6	59567.0	64778.0	67587.0	65652.0	65696.0	63225.0	63015.0	74997.0	86974.0	92849.0	103131.0
Sweden	151472.8	157489.9	157708.6	149084.5	160610.2	138255.5	138199.7	140172.6	144986.7	148489.6	148677.6	147433.9	133126.7	114349.2	128932.3	146816.9	150921.9	158231.1
United Kingdom	443355.0	543932.8	619740.4	581484.3	652501.2	641893.9	633541.5	619402.0	631269.9	697320.8	777990.7	859453.5	851832.0	796895.5	1070655.3	1353251.2	1550840.4	1700080.9
Iceland	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	3585.6	3501.6	4057.0	2924.6	7322.2	9286.2	10344.6	..
Norway	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	145281.7	147083.6	126656.3	123508.4	141230.6	101532.6	..
Switzerland	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Croatia	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	9705.8	10614.3	12106.4	13726.5	13809.9	14109.5	13450.0	16089.1	..	..	..
Turkey	..	..	..	..	..	114970.4	147476.2	149223.9	173781.2	181487.9	214804.7	189289.0	196037.3	177024.4	203897.1	225105.8	..	..

(..) - not available

Source: Eurostat