Employment rate by gender, age group 20-64

The employment rate is calculated by dividing the number of persons aged 20 to 64 in employment by the total population of the same age group. The indicator is based on the EU Labour Force Survey. The survey covers the entire population living in private households and excludes those in collective households such as boarding houses, halls of residence and hospitals. Employed population consists of those persons who during the reference week did any work for pay or profit for at least one hour, or were not working but had jobs from which they were temporarily absent.

Additional information on Eurostat web page

Employment rate - total
	1992	1993	1994	1995	1996	1997	1998	1999	2000	2001	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	TARGET
EU (27 countries)	..	..	..	..	..	65.1	65.5	66.2	66.6	66.9	66.7	67.0	67.4	68.0	69.0	69.9	70.3	69.0	68.6	68.6	75
European Union (changing composition)	64.5	63.5	63.3	64.0	64.3	64.7	65.4	66.4	67.3	67.9	68.1	68.4	68.9	68.3	69.2	69.9	70.3	69.0	68.6	68.6	..
Belgium	61.3	60.8	60.7	61.2	61.4	62.1	62.7	64.5	65.8	65.0	65.0	64.7	65.6	66.5	66.5	67.7	68.0	67.1	67.6	67.3	73.2
Bulgaria	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	55.3	54.8	55.8	58.0	60.1	61.9	65.1	68.4	70.7	68.8	65.4	63.9	76
Czech Republic	..	..	..	..	..	..	73.4	71.5	71.0	71.2	71.6	70.7	70.1	70.7	71.2	72.0	72.4	70.9	70.4	70.9	75
Denmark	75.7	74.0	74.1	75.0	75.5	76.4	76.8	77.7	78.0	78.3	77.7	77.3	77.6	78.0	79.4	79.0	79.7	77.5	75.8	75.7	80
Germany	68.9	67.7	67.5	67.6	67.2	66.9	67.2	68.3	68.8	69.1	68.8	68.4	68.8	69.4 ^(b)	71.1	72.9	74.0	74.2	74.9	76.3	77
Estonia	..	..	..	..	..	..	71.2	68.5	67.4	67.8	69.2	70.0	70.6	72.0	75.8	76.8	77.0	69.9	66.7	70.4	76
Ireland	57.0	57.6	59.2	60.9	62.0	63.6	66.3	68.8	70.4	71.1	70.7	70.6	71.5	72.6	73.4	73.8	72.3	67.1	65.0	64.1	69 ⁽ⁱ⁾
Greece	58.7	58.8	59.4	59.9	60.4	60.5	61.3	61.4	61.9	61.5	62.5	63.6	64.0	64.6	65.7	66.0	66.5	65.8	64.0	59.9	70
Spain	53.6	51.3	50.8	51.7	52.7	54.2	55.9	58.3	60.7	62.1	62.7	64.0	65.2	67.2 ^(b)	68.7	69.5	68.3	63.7	62.5	61.6	74
France	65.6	64.9	64.6	65.1	65.1	65.2	65.8	66.6	67.8	68.5	68.7	69.7	69.5	69.4	69.3	69.8	70.4	69.4	69.2	69.2	75
Italy	..	56.6	55.5	55.0	55.1	55.1	55.7	56.4	57.4	58.5	59.4	60.0	61.5 ^(b)	61.6	62.5	62.8	63.0	61.7	61.1	61.2	67 ⁽ⁱ⁾
Cyprus	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	72.3	74.1	75.1	75.4	74.9	74.4	75.8	76.8	76.5	75.7	75.4	73.8	75 ⁽ⁱ⁾
Latvia	..	..	..	..	..	..	65.4	64.5	63.5	65.1	67.0	68.9	69.3	70.3	73.5	75.2	75.8	67.1	65.0	67.2	73
Lithuania	..	..	..	..	..	..	68.2	67.8	65.6	64.2	67.2	68.9	69.0	70.6	71.6	72.9	72.0	67.2	64.4	67.2	72.8
Luxembourg	64.8	64.5	63.7	62.6	63.4	64.4	64.9	66.2	67.4	67.7	68.2	67.2	67.7	69.0	69.1	69.6	68.8	70.4	70.7	70.1	73
Hungary	..	..	..	..	58.2	58.0	58.8	60.6	61.2	61.3	61.4	62.4	62.1	62.2	62.6	62.6	61.9	60.5	60.4	60.7	75
Malta	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	57.2	57.2	57.7	57.8	57.9	57.9	57.6	58.5	59.1	58.8	60.1	61.5	62.9
Netherlands	66.4	66.2	66.5	67.2	68.8	70.9	72.2	73.5	74.3	75.4	75.8	75.2	74.9	75.1	76.3	77.8	78.9	78.8	76.8 ^(b)	77.0	80
Austria	..	..	70.6	71.2	70.4	70.6	70.7	71.4	71.4	71.5	71.8	72.0	70.8 ^(b)	71.7	73.2	74.4	75.1	74.7	74.9	75.2	77 ⁽ⁱ⁾
Poland	..	..	..	..	..	65.3	65.4	63.9	61.0	59.4	57.4	57.1	57.3	58.3	60.1	62.7	65.0	64.9	64.6	64.8	71
Portugal	71.1	70.3	69.6	69.2	69.7	70.9	72.2 ^(b)	72.6	73.5	73.9	73.6	72.9	72.6	72.3	72.7	72.6	73.1	71.2	70.5	69.1 ^(b)	75
Romania	..	..	..	..	..	71.7	70.4	69.4	69.1	68.3	63.3 ^(b)	63.7	63.5	63.6	64.8	64.4	64.4	63.5	63.3	62.8	70
Slovenia	..	..	..	..	68.0	68.0	68.6	68.1	68.5	69.4	69.0	68.1	70.4	71.1	71.5	72.4	73.0	71.9	70.3	68.4	75
Slovakia	..	..	..	..	..	..	67.4	65.0	63.5	63.5	63.6	64.8	63.7	64.5	66.0	67.2	68.8	66.4	64.6	65.1	72
Finland	69.7	65.7	65.1	66.3	67.2	67.9	69.2	70.8	71.6	72.6	72.6	72.2	72.2	73.0	73.9	74.8	75.8	73.5	73.0	73.8	78
Sweden	81.1	76.8	75.5	76.0	75.5	74.6	75.3	76.5	77.7	78.7	78.5	77.9	77.4	78.1 ^(b)	78.8	80.1	80.4	78.3	78.7	80.0	80 ⁽ⁱ⁾
United Kingdom	70.5	70.1	70.6	71.2	71.8	72.6	73.2	73.8 ^(b)	74.0	74.4	74.5	74.7	75.0	75.2	75.2	75.2	75.2	73.9	73.6	73.6	..
Iceland	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	85.1	84.4	85.5	86.3	86.7	85.3	80.6	80.4	80.6	..
Norway	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	80.3	80.1	79.6	78.4	78.2	78.2	79.5	80.9	81.8	80.6	79.6	79.6	..
Switzerland	..	..	..	..	79.4	79.5	80.4	80.9	80.9	81.9	81.2	80.2	80.0	79.9	80.5	81.3	82.3	81.7	81.1 ^(b)	81.8	..
Croatia	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	58.4	58.3	59.6	60.0	60.6	62.3	62.9	61.7	58.7	57.0	..
Japan	76.2	75.8	75.3	75.1	75.2	75.5	74.8	74.1	74.0	73.8	73.1	73.2	73.4	73.9	74.5	75.3	75.3	74.5	74.7	74.9	..
Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, the	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	43.9	45.0	46.3	47.9	48.1	48.4	..
Turkey	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	48.2	48.2	48.4	47.8	50.0	52.2	..
United States	73.6	74.0	74.7	75.2	75.7	76.5	76.7	76.9	76.9	76.1	75.0	74.5	74.5	74.8	75.3	75.3	74.5	71.3	70.5	70.4	..
Employment rate - Male
	1992	1993	1994	1995	1996	1997	1998	1999	2000	2001	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	TARGET
EU (27 countries)	..	..	..	..	..	75.3	75.5	75.8	76.0	76.0	75.5	75.5	75.6	76.0	76.9	77.8	77.9	75.8	75.1	75.0	..
European Union (changing composition)	77.5	75.8	75.2	75.3	75.2	75.4	76.0	76.7	77.4	77.7	77.4	77.4	77.5	76.5	77.3	77.8	77.9	75.8	75.1	75.0	..
Belgium	74.4	73.1	72.7	73.0	73.0	73.3	73.2	74.1	75.5	74.5	74.0	73.1	73.8	74.3	74.0	75.0	74.7	73.2	73.5	73.0	..
Bulgaria	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	60.2	58.3	59.4	62.2	64.4	66.8	69.9	73.4	76.1	73.8	69.1	66.6	..
Czech Republic	..	..	..	..	..	..	83.0	80.8	80.2	80.3	80.9	80.1	79.2	80.1	80.4	81.5	82.0	80.2	79.6	79.9	..
Denmark	80.0	78.3	79.9	82.1	82.5	82.8	82.5	83.0	82.9	82.8	82.3	82.2	82.1	82.3	83.8	83.2	83.9	80.5	78.6	79.0	..
Germany	80.0	78.2	77.6	77.3	76.2	75.6	75.6	76.4	76.5	76.5	75.6	74.7	74.9	75.6 ^(b)	77.2	79.1	80.1	79.6	80.1	81.4	..
Estonia	..	..	..	..	..	..	76.8	73.4	72.4	72.7	74.5	75.0	74.7	75.4	79.5	81.4	81.7	71.0	67.7	73.5	..
Ireland	73.2	72.7	74.0	75.5	75.9	76.8	79.3	81.4	82.8	83.0	81.8	81.3	82.1	82.8	83.4	83.0	80.4	72.4	69.5	68.6	..
Greece	79.2	78.9	79.3	79.6	80.0	79.4	78.9	78.5	78.8	78.3	78.7	79.6	79.5	79.8	80.3	80.4	80.4	78.8	76.2	71.1	..
Spain	73.0	69.1	67.9	68.6	69.3	70.8	72.8	75.2	76.9	77.8	77.7	78.3	78.7	79.9 ^(b)	80.7	80.7	78.1	71.0	69.1	67.6	..
France	75.3	73.7	73.1	73.4	73.3	73.3	73.7	74.2	75.6	76.0	75.6	76.1	75.7	75.3	74.9	75.0	75.5	74.1	73.8	73.9	..
Italy	..	75.1	73.3	72.2	71.9	71.5	71.7	72.2	72.8	73.4	74.0	74.6	74.9 ^(b)	74.8	75.5	75.8	75.4	73.8	72.8	72.6	..
Cyprus	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	86.4	86.6	86.2	85.6	86.3	85.5	86.2	86.4	85.2	83.5	82.5	80.4	..
Latvia	..	..	..	..	..	..	71.3	70.5	68.2	69.0	71.4	73.9	74.1	75.4	78.2	80.1	79.7	67.4	65.1	68.7	..
Lithuania	..	..	..	..	..	..	72.6	70.8	67.4	66.1	70.8	72.5	73.4	74.9	75.2	76.5	75.5	66.9	63.6	67.7	..
Luxembourg	81.3	81.3	80.0	79.5	79.7	79.8	80.0	79.9	80.7	80.7	80.8	79.1	78.9	79.4	78.9	78.3	77.2	79.0	79.2	78.1	..
Hungary	..	..	..	..	66.7	66.5	66.6	68.3	68.9	68.9	69.0	69.6	69.2	69.2	69.9	70.2	69.0	67.0	66.0	66.8	..
Malta	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	80.9	82.0	81.0	80.6	81.2	80.6	79.2	78.7	78.2	77.1	77.8	78.8	..
Netherlands	79.5	78.2	77.9	78.5	79.8	81.9	83.0	83.6	84.3	84.9	84.6	83.4	82.7	82.4	83.5	84.8	85.5	84.9	82.8 ^(b)	82.6	..
Austria	..	..	80.6	81.2	80.0	80.1	80.1	80.7	80.6	79.6	79.6	79.6	78.0 ^(b)	78.5	80.0	81.6	81.7	80.1	80.2	80.8	..
Poland	..	..	..	..	..	74.0	73.8	71.4	68.0	66.0	63.6	63.1	63.5	65.1	67.3	70.2	73.0	72.6	71.6	72.2	..
Portugal	84.0	82.6	81.6	80.6	80.7	81.7	82.1 ^(b)	81.8	82.3	82.5	81.8	80.2	79.3	78.7	79.2	79.1	79.4	76.5	75.4	73.4 ^(b)	..
Romania	..	..	..	..	..	79.0	77.3	75.9	75.4	74.6	70.1 ^(b)	70.5	69.7	70.4	71.2	71.0	71.6	70.7	70.8	69.9	..
Slovenia	..	..	..	..	73.1	72.8	73.1	73.0	73.2	74.6	74.1	73.2	75.4	75.8	76.3	77.5	77.4	75.6	74.0	71.8	..
Slovakia	..	..	..	..	..	..	75.9	72.4	70.0	69.7	70.2	71.4	70.9	72.5	74.6	76.0	77.4	74.6	71.9	72.7	..
Finland	71.4	67.4	67.0	69.2	70.5	71.1	72.8	73.9	74.9	75.7	74.8	74.4	74.5	75.1	76.3	77.2	78.4	74.7	74.5	75.6	..
Sweden	82.7	77.7	76.8	77.8	77.5	76.7	77.7	78.9	80.1	80.9	80.3	79.8	79.4	80.7 ^(b)	81.7	83.1	83.5	80.9	81.7	82.8	..
United Kingdom	78.4	77.4	77.9	78.5	78.9	80.1	80.8	81.2 ^(b)	81.4	81.6	81.6	81.9	82.1	82.0	82.0	82.2	81.8	79.6	79.3	79.4	..
Iceland	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	88.6	88.8	89.6	90.6	91.5	89.9	83.2	83.1	83.3	..
Norway	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	84.5	84.0	83.2	81.8	81.5	81.6	83.2	84.3	84.8	83.1	82.1	82.1	..
Switzerland	..	..	..	..	89.9	89.1	90.0	90.6	90.5	91.1	89.1	87.9	87.5	87.1	87.8	88.7	88.5	87.7	87.6 ^(b)	88.2	..
Croatia	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	66.3	66.0	67.5	67.5	67.6	70.3	70.7	68.2	64.7	63.2	..
Japan	90.5	90.3	89.6	89.2	89.2	89.2	88.3	87.5	87.2	86.7	85.9	85.9	85.8	86.1	86.6	87.3	87.2	85.7	85.5	85.8	..
Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, the	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	53.6	54.0	56.2	58.4	58.4	57.8	..
Turkey	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	73.2	73.0	72.7	70.4	72.7	75.1	..
United States	81.9	82.2	82.4	83.0	83.3	83.8	84.2	84.2	84.2	83.1	81.8	81.0	81.2	81.7	82.2	82.1	80.8	76.3	75.5	75.8	..
Employment rate - Female
	1992	1993	1994	1995	1996	1997	1998	1999	2000	2001	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	TARGET
EU (27 countries)	..	..	..	..	..	55.0	55.6	56.6	57.3	57.9	58.1	58.7	59.4	60.0	61.1	62.1	62.8	62.3	62.1	62.3	..
European Union (changing composition)	51.7	51.4	51.5	52.8	53.4	53.9	54.8	56.1	57.3	58.2	58.8	59.5	60.3	60.2	61.3	62.1	62.8	62.3	62.1	62.3	..
Belgium	48.2	48.5	48.6	49.2	49.6	50.8	52.0	54.7	56.0	55.3	55.8	56.2	57.2	58.6	58.8	60.3	61.3	61.0	61.6	61.5	..
Bulgaria	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	50.7	51.5	52.3	54.0	56.0	57.1	60.4	63.5	65.4	64.0	61.7	61.2	..
Czech Republic	..	..	..	..	..	..	63.9	62.3	61.9	62.2	62.3	61.4	61.1	61.3	61.8	62.4	62.5	61.4	60.9	61.7	..
Denmark	71.1	69.5	68.2	67.8	68.4	70.0	71.1	72.3	72.9	73.7	73.1	72.4	73.0	73.7	74.8	74.7	75.5	74.5	73.0	72.4	..
Germany	57.8	57.0	57.2	57.7	57.9	58.0	58.6	60.2	60.9	61.5	61.9	61.9	62.6	63.1 ^(b)	65.0	66.7	67.8	68.7	69.6	71.1	..
Estonia	..	..	..	..	..	..	66.3	64.2	62.9	63.4	64.5	65.5	66.8	69.0	72.5	72.5	72.8	68.8	65.7	67.6	..
Ireland	40.9	42.4	44.4	46.2	48.0	50.4	53.4	56.1	57.9	59.1	59.6	59.8	60.8	62.4	63.3	64.4	64.1	61.9	60.5	59.7	..
Greece	39.5	40.0	40.8	41.7	42.4	43.1	44.1	44.8	45.5	45.1	46.6	47.9	48.8	49.6	51.2	51.6	52.5	52.7	51.7	48.6	..
Spain	34.5	33.7	33.8	34.9	36.3	37.9	39.1	41.6	44.5	46.3	47.6	49.5	51.5	54.4 ^(b)	56.4	58.0	58.3	56.3	55.8	55.5	..
France	56.3	56.3	56.4	57.0	57.2	57.4	58.2	59.2	60.3	61.2	61.9	63.5	63.5	63.7	63.8	64.8	65.5	64.9	64.8	64.7	..
Italy	..	38.6	38.2	38.2	38.7	39.0	39.9	40.9	42.2	43.8	44.9	45.6	48.3 ^(b)	48.4	49.6	49.9	50.6	49.7	49.5	49.9	..
Cyprus	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	59.0	62.4	64.7	65.9	64.1	63.8	65.9	67.7	68.2	68.1	68.5	67.3	..
Latvia	..	..	..	..	..	..	60.1	59.0	59.3	61.6	63.0	64.3	65.0	65.7	69.1	70.7	72.1	66.8	64.9	65.8	..
Lithuania	..	..	..	..	..	..	64.2	65.0	63.9	62.5	63.9	65.6	65.0	66.6	68.3	69.5	68.8	67.5	65.1	66.7	..
Luxembourg	47.9	47.2	46.8	45.2	46.8	48.7	49.5	52.1	53.8	54.5	55.4	55.1	56.2	58.4	59.4	61.0	60.1	61.5	62.0	61.9	..
Hungary	..	..	..	..	50.2	50.0	51.4	53.2	53.9	54.1	54.3	55.5	55.3	55.6	55.7	55.5	55.1	54.4	55.0	54.9	..
Malta	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	33.2	32.1	34.4	34.9	34.3	35.1	35.4	37.4	39.3	39.8	41.6	43.4	..
Netherlands	53.1	53.9	54.9	55.5	57.5	59.5	61.2	63.1	64.1	65.7	66.8	66.9	66.9	67.6	69.0	70.7	72.2	72.7	70.8 ^(b)	71.4	..
Austria	..	..	60.7	61.2	60.8	61.1	61.2	62.2	62.3	63.4	64.1	64.5	63.7 ^(b)	64.9	66.4	67.2	68.6	69.4	69.6	69.6	..
Poland	..	..	..	..	..	56.8	57.3	56.7	54.2	53.0	51.4	51.2	51.2	51.7	53.1	55.5	57.3	57.6	57.7	57.6	..
Portugal	59.4	59.0	58.6	58.7	59.4	60.8	62.7 ^(b)	63.9	65.1	65.8	65.7	65.9	66.1	66.0	66.3	66.3	67.0	66.1	65.6	64.8 ^(b)	..
Romania	..	..	..	..	..	64.7	63.8	63.2	63.0	62.3	56.8 ^(b)	57.0	57.4	56.9	58.5	57.9	57.3	56.3	55.9	55.7	..
Slovenia	..	..	..	..	63.0	63.2	63.9	63.1	63.6	64.1	63.8	62.8	65.4	66.2	66.5	67.1	68.5	67.9	66.5	64.8	..
Slovakia	..	..	..	..	..	..	59.2	57.8	57.2	57.5	57.2	58.4	56.7	56.7	57.5	58.7	60.3	58.2	57.4	57.6	..
Finland	67.8	63.9	63.2	63.3	63.8	64.5	65.6	67.6	68.2	69.5	70.4	70.0	69.7	70.8	71.5	72.5	73.1	72.4	71.5	71.9	..
Sweden	79.6	75.9	74.3	74.3	73.5	72.5	72.9	74.1	75.3	76.4	76.6	76.0	75.3	75.5 ^(b)	75.8	77.1	77.2	75.7	75.7	77.2	..
United Kingdom	62.6	62.9	63.3	63.7	64.5	65.1	65.6	66.3 ^(b)	66.8	67.3	67.5	67.7	68.0	68.5	68.6	68.4	68.8	68.2	67.9	67.9	..
Iceland	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	81.5	79.9	81.2	81.8	81.4	80.4	77.8	77.6	77.9	..
Norway	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	76.1	76.2	75.9	75.0	74.8	74.6	75.7	77.5	78.6	77.9	76.9	77.1	..
Switzerland	..	..	..	..	68.9	69.9	70.9	71.2	71.2	72.6	73.3	72.5	72.4	72.7	73.2	73.9	76.0	75.6	74.6 ^(b)	75.4	..
Croatia	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	50.9	50.9	51.9	52.8	53.7	54.5	55.2	55.4	53.0	50.9	..
Japan	61.9	61.3	61.1	60.9	61.1	61.7	61.3	60.6	60.6	60.8	60.3	60.5	61.0	61.7	62.4	63.1	63.3	63.3	63.7	63.9	..
Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, the	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	34.0	35.8	36.2	37.1	37.5	38.8	..
Turkey	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	24.0	24.2	24.9	25.8	28.0	29.7	..
United States	65.7	66.1	67.2	67.8	68.4	69.4	69.5	69.9	69.9	69.4	68.5	68.2	68.0	68.1	68.7	68.7	68.4	66.5	65.6	65.1	..

(..) - not available
(b) - break in series
(i) - see metadata

Source: Eurostat