General government deficit (–) and surplus (+)

Million EUR, % of GDP

Public deficit/surplus is defined in the Maastricht Treaty as general government net borrowing/lending according to the European System of Accounts (ESA95). The general government sector comprises central government, state government, local government, and social security funds. The relevant definitions are provided in Council Regulation 3605/93, as amended. Data for the general government sector are consolidated between sub-sectors at the national level. The series are measured in euro and presented as a percentage of GDP.

Additional information on Eurostat web page

Percentage of GDP
	2001	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012
Euro area (17 countries)	-1.9	-2.6	-3.1	-2.9	-2.5	-1.3	-0.7	-2.1	-6.4	-6.2	-4.2	-3.7
Euro area (16 countries)	-1.9	-2.6	-3.1	-2.9	-2.5	-1.4	-0.7	-2.1	-6.4	-6.2	-4.2	-3.7
EU (27 countries)	-1.5	-2.6	-3.2	-2.9	-2.5	-1.5	-0.9	-2.4	-6.9	-6.5	-4.4	-4.0
Belgium	0.4	-0.1	-0.1	-0.1	-2.5	0.4	-0.1	-1.0	-5.6	-3.8	-3.7	-3.9
Bulgaria	1.1	-1.2	-0.4	1.9	1.0	1.9	1.2	1.7	-4.3	-3.1	-2.0	-0.8
Czech Republic	-5.6	-6.5	-6.7	-2.8	-3.2	-2.4	-0.7	-2.2	-5.8	-4.8	-3.3	-4.4
Denmark	1.5	0.4	0.1	2.1	5.2	5.2	4.8	3.2	-2.7	-2.5	-1.8	-4.0
Germany	-3.1	-3.8	-4.2	-3.8	-3.3	-1.6	0.2	-0.1	-3.1	-4.1	-0.8	0.2
Estonia	-0.1	0.3	1.7	1.6	1.6	2.5	2.4	-2.9	-2.0	0.2	1.2	-0.3
Ireland	0.9	-0.4	0.4	1.4	1.7	2.9	0.1	-7.4	-13.9	-30.8	-13.4	-7.6
Greece	-4.5	-4.8	-5.6	-7.5	-5.2	-5.7	-6.5	-9.8	-15.6	-10.7	-9.5	-10.0
Spain	-0.5	-0.2	-0.3	-0.1	1.3	2.4	1.9	-4.5	-11.2	-9.7	-9.4	-10.6
France	-1.5	-3.1	-4.1	-3.6	-2.9	-2.3	-2.7	-3.3	-7.5	-7.1	-5.3	-4.8
Italy	-3.1	-3.1	-3.6	-3.5	-4.4	-3.4	-1.6	-2.7	-5.5	-4.5	-3.8	-3.0
Cyprus	-2.2	-4.4	-6.6	-4.1	-2.4	-1.2	3.5	0.9	-6.1	-5.3	-6.3	-6.3
Latvia	-2.0	-2.3	-1.6	-1.0	-0.4	-0.5	-0.4	-4.2	-9.8	-8.1	-3.6	-1.2
Lithuania	-3.5	-1.9	-1.3	-1.5	-0.5	-0.4	-1.0	-3.3	-9.4	-7.2	-5.5	-3.2
Luxembourg	6.1	2.1	0.5	-1.1	0.0	1.4	3.7	3.2	-0.8	-0.9	-0.2	-0.8
Hungary	-4.1	-9.0	-7.3	-6.5	-7.9	-9.4	-5.1	-3.7	-4.6	-4.3	4.3	-1.9
Malta	-6.3	-5.7	-9.0	-4.6	-2.9	-2.7	-2.3	-4.6	-3.7	-3.6	-2.8	-3.3
Netherlands	-0.2	-2.1	-3.1	-1.7	-0.3	0.5	0.2	0.5	-5.6	-5.1	-4.5	-4.1
Austria	0.0	-0.7	-1.5	-4.4	-1.7	-1.5	-0.9	-0.9	-4.1	-4.5	-2.5	-2.5
Poland	-5.3	-5.0	-6.2	-5.4	-4.1	-3.6	-1.9	-3.7	-7.4	-7.9	-5.0	-3.9
Portugal	-4.8	-3.4	-3.7	-4.0	-6.5	-4.6	-3.1	-3.6	-10.2	-9.8	-4.4	-6.4
Romania	-3.5	-2.0	-1.5	-1.2	-1.2	-2.2	-2.9	-5.7	-9.0	-6.8	-5.6	-2.9
Slovenia	-4.0	-2.4	-2.7	-2.3	-1.5	-1.4	0.0	-1.9	-6.2	-5.9	-6.4	-4.0
Slovakia	-6.5	-8.2	-2.8	-2.4	-2.8	-3.2	-1.8	-2.1	-8.0	-7.7	-5.1	-4.3
Finland	5.1	4.2	2.6	2.5	2.9	4.2	5.3	4.4	-2.5	-2.5	-0.8	-1.9
Sweden	1.5	-1.3	-1.0	0.6	2.2	2.3	3.6	2.2	-0.7	0.3	0.2	-0.5
United Kingdom	0.5	-2.1	-3.4	-3.5	-3.4	-2.7	-2.8	-5.1	-11.5	-10.2	-7.8	-6.3
Iceland	..	..	..	..	4.9	6.3	5.4	-13.5	-10.0	-10.1	-5.4	..
Norway	13.5	9.3	7.3	11.1	15.1	18.5	17.5	18.8	10.6	11.2	13.6	..
Croatia	..	-4.1	-4.5	-4.3	-4.0	-3.0	-2.5	-1.4	-4.1	..	..	..
Turkey	-23.9	-10.2	-9.0	-4.4	-1.2	0.8	-1.5	-2.8	-7.0	-2.6	..	..
Millions of euro (from 1.1.1999)/Millions of ECU (up to 31.12.1998)
	2001	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012
Euro area (17 countries)	-137276.6	-193740.2	-237322.7	-228186.8	-204423.2	-115430.5	-61195.8	-196371.7	-567420.3	-569407.8	-391417.2	-352682.7
Euro area (16 countries)	-137272.2	-193761.0	-237468.4	-228346.5	-204603.4	-115760.2	-61579.4	-195893.6	-567145.7	-569434.6	-391603.5	-352636.4
EU (27 countries)	-142640.9	-255186.0	-319733.2	-303225.2	-271572.3	-172716.4	-111209.4	-303479.4	-807996.2	-800889.3	-561486.2	-514087.8
Belgium	1056.4	-231.9	-290.8	-379.1	-7550.4	1214.1	-173.5	-3489.7	-18935.4	-13429.5	-13776.6	-14851.5
Bulgaria	166.5	-202.6	-73.4	378.9	242.4	495.7	357.2	591.4	-1513.8	-1123.8	-762.7	-319.0
Czech Republic	-4016.6	-5445.4	-5662.3	-2615.6	-3400.1	-2811.1	-970.5	-3445.3	-8259.2	-7226.3	-5081.0	-6720.1
Denmark	2666.0	684.3	183.2	4117.9	10804.2	11287.6	10949.7	7615.2	-5968.4	-5909.4	-4431.6	-9735.7
Germany	-64650.0	-82010.0	-89150.0	-82510.0	-73880.0	-37910.0	5760.0	-1860.0	-73180.0	-103440.0	-20230.0	4090.0
Estonia	-4.4	20.8	145.7	159.7	180.2	329.7	383.6	-478.1	-274.6	26.8	186.3	-46.3
Ireland	1051.4	-459.8	558.7	2065.8	2710.5	5193.4	142.7	-13159.8	-22368.1	-48274.4	-21268.1	-12460.8
Greece	-6542.0	-7465.0	-9738.0	-13940.0	-10068.0	-12109.0	-14475.0	-22880.0	-36127.0	-23719.0	-19834.0	-19360.0
Spain	-3578.0	-1558.0	-2728.0	-941.0	11511.0	23349.0	20255.0	-48897.0	-117143.0	-101438.0	-100402.0	-111641.0
France	-23172.0	-48700.0	-65390.0	-59576.0	-50368.0	-41066.0	-51557.0	-64299.0	-142223.0	-136779.0	-105392.0	-98196.0
Italy	-39411.0	-40306.0	-48454.0	-49361.0	-63918.0	-51188.0	-25273.0	-42700.0	-83603.0	-69267.0	-60016.0	-47633.0
Cyprus	-240.9	-492.0	-764.7	-518.6	-330.3	-175.3	556.3	160.6	-1030.7	-920.1	-1132.4	-1127.3
Latvia	-180.7	-225.0	-161.5	-115.0	-51.0	-77.4	-81.7	-971.1	-1809.4	-1468.5	-720.0	-268.5
Lithuania	-482.5	-281.5	-210.7	-279.0	-104.8	-107.5	-289.9	-1067.8	-2514.5	-1989.4	-1693.7	-1061.8
Luxembourg	1378.5	503.7	119.8	-301.0	1.3	459.2	1380.3	1191.6	-289.5	-363.2	-98.0	-359.0
Hungary	-2413.7	-6328.2	-5382.9	-5315.3	-7030.7	-8421.7	-5111.6	-3938.0	-4234.7	-4150.3	4277.3	-1837.8
Malta	-281.4	-266.1	-417.5	-213.9	-141.9	-140.9	-128.4	-274.1	-220.4	-225.9	-183.0	-225.9
Netherlands	-1079.0	-9710.0	-14898.0	-8584.0	-1359.0	2919.0	1048.0	3073.0	-32074.0	-30118.0	-27009.0	-24405.0
Austria	-104.9	-1564.6	-3390.1	-10439.7	-4162.3	-4006.5	-2371.8	-2634.8	-11330.2	-12866.0	-7385.1	-7684.4
Poland	-11191.1	-10451.9	-11867.4	-10995.2	-9957.0	-9876.0	-5844.0	-13368.1	-23014.1	-27859.7	-18466.7	-14982.7
Portugal	-6400.4	-4757.2	-5274.4	-5988.3	-10069.8	-7408.2	-5332.8	-6235.6	-17114.2	-16981.5	-7542.8	-10596.0
Romania	-1582.7	-973.0	-786.2	-744.3	-923.6	-2186.6	-3632.5	-7940.6	-10640.2	-8449.5	-7291.8	-3772.4
Slovenia	-902.7	-602.1	-688.8	-613.8	-429.6	-422.7	-15.9	-702.5	-2217.2	-2111.5	-2297.8	-1417.7
Slovakia	-1534.4	-2134.0	-818.6	-801.9	-1082.9	-1412.2	-994.4	-1346.5	-5039.9	-5046.4	-3497.7	-3106.9
Finland	7138.0	5992.0	3856.0	3756.0	4534.0	6944.0	9600.0	8160.0	-4250.0	-4455.0	-1539.0	-3662.0
Sweden	3850.6	-3340.4	-2867.3	1833.8	6490.3	7436.6	12195.1	7223.4	-2092.1	1032.2	792.9	-2103.3
United Kingdom	7820.0	-34882.2	-55581.7	-61304.6	-63218.8	-53025.4	-57585.4	-91806.9	-180529.6	-174336.7	-136691.7	-120603.8
Iceland	..	..	..	..	641.9	841.4	806.7	-1391.7	-863.1	-954.9	-548.1	..
Norway	..	..	..	..	36651.0	49601.1	49554.5	58482.2	28746.8	35265.8	47399.2	..
Croatia	..	-1007.0	-1182.9	-1237.3	-1242.6	-1156.9	-1050.1	-646.6	-1853.4	..	..	..
Turkey	-52149.9	-24827.8	-24042.7	-13982.7	-4539.9	3146.1	-7194.5	-13914.7	-30700.4	-14363.6	..	..

(..) - not available

Source: Eurostat