General government deficit (–) and surplus (+)

Million EUR, % of GDP

Public deficit/surplus is defined in the Maastricht Treaty as general government net borrowing/lending according to the European System of Accounts (ESA95). The general government sector comprises central government, state government, local government, and social security funds. The relevant definitions are provided in Council Regulation 3605/93, as amended. Data for the general government sector are consolidated between sub-sectors at the national level. The series are measured in euro and presented as a percentage of GDP.

Additional information on Eurostat web page

Percentage of GDP
	2000	2001	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011
Euro area (17 countries)	-0.1	-1.9	-2.6	-3.1	-2.9	-2.5	-1.3	-0.7	-2.1	-6.3	-6.2	-4.1
Euro area (16 countries)	-0.1	-1.9	-2.6	-3.1	-2.9	-2.5	-1.4	-0.7	-2.1	-6.4	-6.2	-4.2
EU (27 countries)	0.6	-1.5	-2.6	-3.2	-2.9	-2.5	-1.5	-0.9	-2.4	-6.9	-6.5	-4.4
Belgium	0.0	0.4	-0.1	-0.1	-0.1	-2.5	0.4	-0.1	-1.0	-5.5	-3.8	-3.7
Bulgaria	-0.5	1.1	-1.2	-0.4	1.9	1.0	1.9	1.2	1.7	-4.3	-3.1	-2.0
Czech Republic	-3.6	-5.6	-6.5	-6.7	-2.8	-3.2	-2.4	-0.7	-2.2	-5.8	-4.8	-3.3
Denmark	2.3	1.5	0.4	0.1	2.1	5.2	5.2	4.8	3.2	-2.7	-2.5	-1.8
Germany	1.1	-3.1	-3.8	-4.2	-3.8	-3.3	-1.6	0.2	-0.1	-3.1	-4.1	-0.8
Estonia	-0.2	-0.1	0.3	1.7	1.6	1.6	2.5	2.4	-2.9	-2.0	0.2	1.1
Ireland	4.7	0.9	-0.4	0.4	1.4	1.7	2.9	0.1	-7.4	-13.9	-30.9	-13.4
Greece	-3.7	-4.5	-4.8	-5.6	-7.5	-5.2	-5.7	-6.5	-9.8	-15.6	-10.7	-9.4
Spain	-0.9	-0.5	-0.2	-0.3	-0.1	1.3	2.4	1.9	-4.5	-11.2	-9.7	-9.4
France	-1.5	-1.5	-3.1	-4.1	-3.6	-2.9	-2.3	-2.7	-3.3	-7.5	-7.1	-5.2
Italy	-0.8	-3.1	-3.1	-3.6	-3.5	-4.4	-3.4	-1.6	-2.7	-5.4	-4.5	-3.9
Cyprus	-2.3	-2.2	-4.4	-6.6	-4.1	-2.4	-1.2	3.5	0.9	-6.1	-5.3	-6.3
Latvia	-2.8	-2.0	-2.3	-1.6	-1.0	-0.4	-0.5	-0.4	-4.2	-9.8	-8.1	-3.4
Lithuania	-3.2	-3.5	-1.9	-1.3	-1.5	-0.5	-0.4	-1.0	-3.3	-9.4	-7.2	-5.5
Luxembourg	6.0	6.1	2.1	0.5	-1.1	0.0	1.4	3.7	3.2	-0.8	-0.8	-0.3
Hungary	-3.0	-4.1	-9.0	-7.3	-6.5	-7.9	-9.4	-5.1	-3.7	-4.6	-4.4	4.3
Malta	-5.8	-6.4	-5.8	-9.2	-4.7	-2.9	-2.8	-2.3	-4.6	-3.9	-3.6	-2.7
Netherlands	2.0	-0.2	-2.1	-3.1	-1.7	-0.3	0.5	0.2	0.5	-5.6	-5.1	-4.5
Austria	-1.7	0.0	-0.7	-1.5	-4.4	-1.7	-1.5	-0.9	-0.9	-4.1	-4.5	-2.5
Poland	-3.0	-5.3	-5.0	-6.2	-5.4	-4.1	-3.6	-1.9	-3.7	-7.4	-7.9	-5.0
Portugal	-3.3	-4.8	-3.4	-3.7	-4.0	-6.5	-4.6	-3.1	-3.6	-10.2	-9.8	-4.4
Romania	-4.7	-3.5	-2.0	-1.5	-1.2	-1.2	-2.2	-2.9	-5.7	-9.0	-6.8	-5.5
Slovenia	-3.7	-4.0	-2.4	-2.7	-2.3	-1.5	-1.4	0.0	-1.9	-6.0	-5.7	-6.4
Slovakia	-12.3	-6.5	-8.2	-2.8	-2.4	-2.8	-3.2	-1.8	-2.1	-8.0	-7.7	-4.9
Finland	7.0	5.1	4.2	2.6	2.5	2.9	4.2	5.3	4.4	-2.5	-2.5	-0.6
Sweden	3.6	1.5	-1.3	-1.0	0.6	2.2	2.3	3.6	2.2	-0.7	0.3	0.4
United Kingdom	3.6	0.5	-2.1	-3.4	-3.5	-3.4	-2.7	-2.8	-5.1	-11.5	-10.2	-7.8
Iceland	..	..	..	..	..	4.9	6.3	5.4	-13.5	-10.0	-10.1	-4.4
Norway	..	13.5	9.3	7.3	11.1	15.1	18.5	17.5	18.8	10.6	11.2	13.6
Croatia	..	..	-4.1	-4.5	-4.3	-4.0	-3.0	-2.5	-1.4	-4.1	..	..
Turkey	-6.8	-23.9	-10.2	-9.0	-4.4	-1.2	0.8	-1.5	-2.8	-7.0	-2.6	..
Millions of euro (from 1.1.1999)/Millions of ECU (up to 31.12.1998)
	2000	2001	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011
Euro area (17 countries)	-6548.6	-137276.5	-193740.2	-237322.7	-228186.8	-204423.2	-115430.5	-61195.8	-196365.9	-566497.8	-569468.7	-390707.6
Euro area (16 countries)	-6534.5	-137272.1	-193761.0	-237468.4	-228346.5	-204603.4	-115760.2	-61579.4	-195887.8	-566218.8	-569490.4	-390890.0
EU (27 countries)	52164.7	-142640.8	-255186.0	-319733.2	-303225.2	-271572.3	-172716.4	-111209.4	-303469.8	-806992.1	-800906.3	-560834.4
Belgium	-91.4	1056.5	-231.9	-290.8	-379.1	-7550.4	1214.1	-173.5	-3489.7	-18871.2	-13389.4	-13771.1
Bulgaria	-75.9	166.5	-202.6	-73.4	378.9	242.4	495.7	357.2	591.4	-1513.8	-1123.8	-785.0
Czech Republic	-2311.1	-4016.6	-5445.4	-5662.3	-2615.6	-3400.1	-2811.1	-970.5	-3445.3	-8259.2	-7226.3	-5090.6
Denmark	3928.9	2666.0	684.3	183.2	4117.9	10804.2	11287.6	10949.7	7615.2	-5939.5	-5910.9	-4367.8
Germany	23280.0	-64650.0	-82010.0	-89150.0	-82510.0	-73880.0	-37910.0	5760.0	-1860.0	-73180.0	-103440.0	-20230.0
Estonia	-14.1	-4.4	20.8	145.7	159.7	180.2	329.7	383.6	-478.1	-279.0	21.7	182.4
Ireland	4987.0	1051.4	-459.8	558.7	2065.8	2710.5	5193.4	142.7	-13160.0	-22484.1	-48297.3	-21255.8
Greece	-5092.6	-6542.0	-7465.0	-9738.0	-13940.0	-10068.0	-12109.0	-14475.0	-22880.0	-36125.0	-23732.0	-19686.0
Spain	-5899.0	-3578.0	-1558.0	-2728.0	-941.0	11511.0	23349.0	20255.0	-48897.0	-117143.0	-101438.0	-100402.0
France	-21020.0	-23172.0	-48700.0	-65390.0	-59576.0	-50368.0	-41066.0	-51557.0	-64299.0	-142223.0	-136966.0	-103324.0
Italy	-9889.0	-39411.0	-40306.0	-48454.0	-49361.0	-63918.0	-51188.0	-25273.0	-42700.0	-82752.0	-69270.0	-61758.0
Cyprus	-233.2	-240.9	-492.0	-764.7	-518.6	-330.3	-175.3	556.3	160.6	-1030.7	-920.1	-1132.4
Latvia	-235.2	-180.7	-225.0	-161.5	-115.0	-51.0	-77.4	-81.7	-971.0	-1809.2	-1468.0	-691.9
Lithuania	-397.8	-482.5	-281.5	-210.7	-279.0	-104.8	-107.5	-289.9	-1067.8	-2514.5	-1989.4	-1693.6
Luxembourg	1313.3	1378.5	503.7	119.8	-301.0	1.3	459.2	1380.3	1191.6	-276.9	-331.4	-140.4
Hungary	-1530.9	-2413.7	-6328.2	-5382.9	-5315.3	-7030.7	-8421.7	-5111.6	-3938.0	-4217.2	-4226.6	4337.2
Malta	-250.4	-281.4	-266.1	-417.5	-213.9	-141.9	-140.9	-128.4	-268.0	-226.3	-224.5	-177.0
Netherlands	8244.0	-1079.0	-9710.0	-14898.0	-8584.0	-1359.0	2919.0	1048.0	3073.0	-32074.0	-30118.0	-27009.0
Austria	-3499.2	-104.9	-1564.6	-3390.1	-10439.7	-4162.3	-4006.5	-2371.8	-2634.8	-11330.2	-12866.0	-7591.0
Poland	-5623.7	-11191.1	-10451.9	-11867.4	-10995.2	-9957.0	-9876.0	-5844.0	-13368.1	-23014.1	-27859.7	-18608.9
Portugal	-4160.6	-6400.4	-4757.2	-5274.4	-5988.3	-10069.8	-7408.2	-5332.8	-6235.6	-17103.3	-16950.1	-7525.0
Romania	-1897.3	-1582.7	-973.0	-786.2	-744.3	-923.6	-2186.6	-3632.6	-7940.6	-10647.8	-8486.5	-7543.7
Slovenia	-797.9	-902.7	-602.1	-688.8	-613.8	-429.6	-422.7	-15.9	-702.5	-2127.2	-2045.5	-2307.4
Slovakia	-2704.4	-1534.4	-2134.0	-818.6	-801.9	-1082.9	-1412.2	-994.4	-1346.5	-5022.0	-5047.0	-3414.0
Finland	9279.0	7138.0	5992.0	3856.0	3756.0	4534.0	6944.0	9600.0	8160.0	-4250.0	-4455.0	-1167.0
Sweden	9633.8	3850.6	-3340.4	-2867.3	1833.8	6490.3	7436.6	12195.1	7223.4	-2092.1	989.7	1374.6
United Kingdom	57222.6	7820.0	-34882.2	-55581.7	-61304.6	-63218.8	-53025.4	-57585.4	-91803.1	-180486.9	-174136.2	-137057.0
Iceland	..	..	..	..	..	641.9	841.4	806.7	-1391.7	-863.1	-954.9	-442.9
Norway	..	..	..	..	..	36651.0	49601.1	49554.5	58482.2	28746.8	35265.8	47399.2
Croatia	..	..	-1007.0	-1182.9	-1237.3	-1242.6	-1156.9	-1050.1	-646.6	-1853.4	..	..
Turkey	-19776.2	-52149.9	-24827.8	-24042.7	-13982.7	-4539.9	3146.1	-7194.5	-13914.7	-30700.4	-14363.6	..

(..) - not available

Source: Eurostat