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Location: Statistics > International statistics > EU statistics Eesti keeles

Labour productivity per hour worked

Labour productivity per hour worked is calculated as real output (deflated GDP measured in chain-linked volumes, reference year 2005) per unit of labour input (measured by the total number of hours worked). Measuring labour productivity per hour worked provides a better picture of productivity developments in the economy than labour productivity per person employed, as it eliminates differences in the full time/part time composition of the workforce across countries and years.

Additional information on Eurostat web page

Euro per hour worked
  1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
EU (27 countries) .. .. .. .. .. 25.3 25.7 26.2 26.6 27.2 28.0 28.5 29.0 29.4 29.9 30.2 30.9 31.3 31.2 30.8 31.4 31.9 ..
Belgium .. .. .. .. .. 39.9  (e) 41.0  (e) 41.9  (e) 41.7  (e) 42.5  (e) 44.2  (e) 43.0  (e) 43.6  (e) 44.1  (e) 45.8  (e) 45.5  (e) 46.2  (e) 46.9  (e) 46.3  (e) 45.8  (e) .. .. ..
Bulgaria .. .. .. .. .. 2.9 2.6 2.6 2.9 3.0 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.8 3.9 4.0 4.1 4.3 4.4 4.3 4.5 4.8 ..
Czech Republic .. .. .. .. .. 8.2 8.6  (b) 8.5 8.6 8.8 9.3 10.0 10.1 10.7 11.1 11.7 12.4 13.0 13.0 12.8 13.0 13.1 ..
Denmark 37.4 38.2 38.9 39.5 42.0 42.9 43.9 44.1 44.0 44.4 45.3 45.1 45.5 46.3 47.5 48.2 48.6 48.5 47.3 46.5 48.3 48.9 ..
Germany .. 31.2 32.0 32.4 33.3 34.1 34.8 35.6 36.0 36.3 37.3 38.2 38.7 39.1 39.4 39.9 41.3 42.0 42.0 40.9 41.7 42.3 42.5
Estonia .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 7.0 7.4 7.7 8.2 8.7 9.2 9.7 10.3 10.0 10.3 10.9 10.8 ..
Ireland .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 34.9 36.6 39.0 40.0 42.0 43.2 43.9 44.1 44.7 45.8 45.8 48.1 49.9 51.7 ..
Greece .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 17.6 18.3 18.6 19.5 20.1 19.8  (b) 20.8 21.5 22.2  (p) 21.1  (p) 20.4  (p) 19.9  (p) ..
Spain .. .. .. .. .. 26.9 27.2 27.3 27.2 27.3 27.3 27.3 27.4 27.6 27.7 27.9 28.1 28.5 28.7 29.4 30.0 30.4 ..
France 33.4 33.9 34.6 35.1 35.9 36.9 37.0 37.8 38.7 39.3 40.7 41.1 42.3 42.7 43.0 43.6 44.9 44.9 44.4 44.2 44.8 45.4 ..
Italy .. .. 28.0 28.6 29.8 30.7 30.6 31.2 31.1 31.3 32.0 32.3 32.1 31.7 32.1 32.4 32.5 32.6 32.4 31.7 32.4 32.5 ..
Cyprus .. .. .. .. .. 17.1 17.4 17.6 18.1 18.6 19.1 19.2 19.5 19.2 19.7 20.1 20.4 20.8 21.2 21.0 21.3 21.3 ..
Latvia .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 4.2  (b) 4.5  (b) 4.7  (b) 5.0  (b) 5.5  (b) 5.9  (b) 6.3  (b) 6.7  (b) 6.7  (b) 6.6  (b) 6.9  (b) 7.8  (b) ..
Lithuania .. .. .. .. .. 4.5 4.7 5.0 5.3 5.5 5.6 6.2 6.5 7.1 7.5 7.7 8.2 8.7 8.8 8.3 8.7 9.2 ..
Luxembourg .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 58.7 59.6 60.9 63.1 63.9 64.9 60.8 60.1 60.7 60.0 ..
Hungary .. .. .. .. .. 7.8 7.8 7.9 8.1 8.1 8.4 8.9 9.2 9.7 10.2 10.7 11.1 11.1 11.3 11.0 11.1 11.2 ..
Malta .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 13.5  (e) 13.9  (e) 13.9  (e) 14.2  (e) 15.7  (e) 14.9  (e) 15.1  (e) 15.1  (e) 15.4  (e) 14.9  (e) 15.1 14.1 ..
Netherlands .. .. .. .. .. 37.9 38.2 38.9 39.7 40.6 41.3 41.6 41.8 42.4 43.8 44.7 45.5 46.2 46.2 45.1 46.1 46.2 ..
Austria .. .. .. .. .. 30.5 30.5 30.9 32.1 32.7 33.5 33.8 34.5 34.7 35.3 36.1 37.3 38.1 38.3 38.2 39.0 39.2 ..
Poland .. .. .. .. .. 5.2 5.5 5.8 6.0 13.2  (b) 6.9 7.2 7.5 7.9 8.2 8.4 8.6 8.8 8.9 9.1 9.5 9.8 ..
Portugal .. .. .. .. .. 13.6 13.9 14.1 14.3 14.8 15.0 15.1 15.2 15.2 15.4 15.6 15.8 16.1 16.1 16.1 16.7 16.8  (p) ..
Romania .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 2.9 3.0 3.2 3.8 4.0 4.4 4.6 4.9 5.2 5.6 5.3 5.3 .. ..
Slovenia .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 15.4 15.9 16.0 16.5 17.0 18.2 19.3 20.1 20.1 18.9 19.5 20.2 ..
Slovakia .. .. .. .. .. 6.6 7.0 7.3 7.7 8.0 8.2 8.5 9.2 9.8 10.1 10.4 11.0 11.8 12.1 11.8 12.3 12.6 ..
Finland 25.7 25.9 26.8 28.3 29.4 30.0 30.6 31.6 32.7 33.1 34.4 35.1 35.6 36.4 37.7 38.4 39.5 40.8 40.3 38.2 39.4 40.0 ..
Sweden 29.8 30.1 30.8 31.0 31.8 32.4 33.0 34.2 35.1 35.8 37.0 37.2 38.7 40.2 41.5 42.7 44.0 44.1 43.3 42.3 43.7 44.4 ..
United Kingdom .. .. .. .. .. 29.8  (e) 30.4  (e) 31.0  (e) 31.9  (e) 32.7  (e) 33.9  (e) 34.5  (e) 35.5  (e) 36.9  (e) 37.7  (e) 38.3  (e) 39.1  (e) 40.2  (e) 40.0  (e) 39.1  (e) .. .. ..
Iceland .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
Norway 49.3 51.4 53.0 54.2 56.2 58.0 60.0 61.7 61.8 62.5 65.0 67.2 68.7 70.9 72.3 73.1 72.5 71.1 68.8 69.0 69.3 68.9 ..
Switzerland .. 37.3 37.6 37.9 38.2 38.9 39.7 40.8 41.2 40.9 42.1 42.9 43.3 43.1 43.2 44.2 45.1 46.0 46.1 .. .. .. ..
United States 29.5  (e) 29.8  (e) 30.8  (e) 31.0  (e) 31.3  (e) 31.3  (e) 32.0  (e) 32.5  (e) 33.2  (e) 34.2  (e) 35.1  (e) 35.9  (e) 37.0  (e) 38.2  (e) 39.1  (e) 39.7  (e) 40.0  (e) 40.5  (e) 40.7  (e) 41.5  (e) .. .. ..
Index, 2005=100
  1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
EU (27 countries) .. .. .. .. .. 83.8 84.9 86.7 88.0 89.8 92.5 94.2 95.8 97.2 98.8 100.0 102.1 103.6 103.1 101.7 103.9 105.4 ..
Belgium .. .. .. .. .. 87.5  (e) 90.0  (e) 92.0  (e) 91.5  (e) 93.3  (e) 97.0  (e) 94.5  (e) 95.7  (e) 96.8  (e) 100.7  (e) 100.0  (e) 101.4  (e) 103.1  (e) 101.8  (e) 100.5  (e) .. .. ..
Bulgaria .. .. .. .. .. 72.9 64.7 65.7 72.0 75.8 83.6 87.1 91.0 93.8 96.3 100.0 103.4 106.6 110.2 107.0 112.8 119.9 ..
Czech Republic .. .. .. .. .. 70.6 73.6  (b) 73.3 73.6 75.9 79.5 85.7 87.1 91.6 95.6 100.0 106.7 111.4 111.8 110.1 111.9 112.5 ..
Denmark 77.6 79.4 80.8 82.0 87.3 89.0 91.0 91.6 91.3 92.2 94.1 93.6 94.4 96.0 98.6 100.0 100.9 100.7 98.2 96.5 100.2 101.5 ..
Germany .. 78.2 80.1 81.3 83.4 85.4 87.2 89.2 90.2 91.0 93.5 95.8 97.1 98.0 98.8 100.0 103.6 105.4 105.3 102.6 104.5 106.2 106.6
Estonia .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 75.7 80.1 84.1 89.2 94.4 100.0 105.0 112.1 108.9 111.7 118.2 116.9 ..
Ireland .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 79.0 82.9 88.3 90.6 95.2 98.0 99.5 100.0 101.2 103.8 103.8 109.0 113.2 117.3 ..
Greece .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 88.6 92.1 93.8 98.5 101.3 100.0  (b) 105.0 108.7 111.9  (p) 106.5  (p) 102.9  (p) 100.2  (p) ..
Spain .. .. .. .. .. 96.5 97.5 97.8 97.6 97.7 97.7 97.8 98.2 98.9 99.4 100.0 100.9 102.2 103.0 105.6 107.6 109.1 ..
France 76.6 77.8 79.3 80.4 82.4 84.5 84.8 86.6 88.7 90.2 93.3 94.2 97.1 98.0 98.5 100.0 102.9 103.0 101.9 101.3 102.7 104.1 ..
Italy .. .. 86.6 88.3 92.0 94.7 94.5 96.5 96.1 96.6 99.0 99.8 99.2 98.0 99.2 100.0 100.4 100.8 100.1 97.9 100.2 100.4 ..
Cyprus .. .. .. .. .. 85.4 86.5 87.7 90.3 92.6 95.3 95.9 97.3 95.8 98.2 100.0 101.4 103.7 105.7 104.7 105.9 106.2 ..
Latvia .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 71.3  (b) 76.0  (b) 80.7  (b) 85.8  (b) 93.8  (b) 100.0  (b) 106.9  (b) 114.6  (b) 114.7  (b) 111.9  (b) 117.3  (b) 133.6  (b) ..
Lithuania .. .. .. .. .. 58.3 60.9 65.4 68.9 71.9 72.7 81.3 85.2 92.7 98.3 100.0 106.7 112.8 115.0 107.5 113.9 119.8 ..
Luxembourg .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 93.1 94.5 96.6 100.0 101.4 103.0 96.5 95.2 96.2 95.2 ..
Hungary .. .. .. .. .. 72.9 73.1 74.3 76.3 75.9 78.6 83.2 86.6 91.2 95.9 100.0 103.7 104.0 106.2 102.8 104.2 104.6 ..
Malta .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 90.4  (e) 93.3  (e) 93.0  (e) 95.6  (e) 105.2  (e) 100.0  (e) 101.7  (e) 101.5  (e) 103.2  (e) 99.8  (e) 101.7 94.8 ..
Netherlands .. .. .. .. .. 84.8 85.5 87.0 88.8 90.8 92.5 93.1 93.7 95.0 98.1 100.0 101.8 103.4 103.5 101.0 103.2 103.5 ..
Austria .. .. .. .. .. 84.5 84.6 85.6 89.0 90.5 92.9 93.8 95.6 96.3 97.8 100.0 103.3 105.6 106.1 105.9 108.2 108.7 ..
Poland .. .. .. .. .. 62.7 65.8 69.5 72.1 158.4  (b) 83.1 85.9 90.1 94.4 98.3 100.0 102.9 105.3 106.8 109.1 113.1 117.3 ..
Portugal .. .. .. .. .. 87.4 89.0 90.5 92.0 94.6 95.8 96.9 97.6 97.6 98.9 100.0 101.4 103.2 103.4 103.3 107.1 107.9  (p) ..
Romania .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 63.2 65.2 69.6 80.8 86.4 94.9 100.0 106.2 112.0 120.2 114.1 114.6 .. ..
Slovenia .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 84.5 87.3 87.9 90.6 93.5 100.0 106.1 110.6 110.5 103.7 106.9 111.1 ..
Slovakia .. .. .. .. .. 63.0 67.2 70.6 74.3 76.5 79.1 82.1 88.1 94.3 96.8 100.0 105.8 113.5 116.1 113.4 118.4 121.1 ..
Finland 66.9 67.5 69.9 73.6 76.5 78.1 79.8 82.2 85.2 86.2 89.7 91.4 92.6 94.8 98.1 100.0 102.9 106.3 105.0 99.5 102.7 104.2 ..
Sweden 69.6 70.5 72.1 72.6 74.4 75.9 77.2 80.0 82.1 83.7 86.6 87.1 90.5 94.0 97.2 100.0 102.9 103.2 101.3 99.0 102.3 103.8 ..
United Kingdom .. .. .. .. .. 77.7  (e) 79.4  (e) 81.1  (e) 83.4  (e) 85.4  (e) 88.6  (e) 90.2  (e) 92.8  (e) 96.5  (e) 98.5  (e) 100.0  (e) 102.0  (e) 104.9  (e) 104.4  (e) 102.2  (e) .. .. ..
Iceland .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
Norway 67.4 70.3 72.4 74.1 76.9 79.4 82.1 84.3 84.4 85.5 88.9 91.9 94.0 96.9 98.9 100.0 99.1 97.3 94.0 94.4 94.7 94.2 ..
Switzerland .. 84.3 85.1 85.9 86.5 88.0 89.9 92.4 93.2 92.6 95.3 97.2 97.9 97.5 97.8 100.0 102.2 104.1 104.4 .. .. .. ..
United States 74.3  (e) 75.2  (e) 77.7  (e) 78.1  (e) 78.8  (e) 78.8  (e) 80.8  (e) 82.0  (e) 83.8  (e) 86.1  (e) 88.5  (e) 90.6  (e) 93.4  (e) 96.3  (e) 98.5  (e) 100.0  (e) 100.9  (e) 102.1  (e) 102.7  (e) 104.6  (e) .. .. ..
Percentage change on previous period
  1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
EU (27 countries) .. .. .. .. .. .. 1.3 2.1 1.6 2.0 3.0 1.8 1.7 1.5 1.7 1.2 2.1 1.4 -0.5 -1.4 2.2 1.4 ..
Belgium .. .. .. .. .. .. 2.8  (e) 2.2  (e) -0.5  (e) 1.9  (e) 4.0  (e) -2.6  (e) 1.3  (e) 1.1  (e) 4.0  (e) -0.7  (e) 1.4  (e) 1.7  (e) -1.2  (e) -1.3  (e) .. .. ..
Bulgaria .. .. .. .. .. .. -11.3 1.6 9.6 5.3 10.2 4.2 4.4 3.1 2.6 3.9 3.4 3.1 3.4 -2.9 5.4 6.2 ..
Czech Republic .. .. .. .. .. .. 4.3  (b) -0.4 0.5 3.1 4.8 7.8 1.6 5.2 4.4 4.6 6.7 4.4 0.4 -1.5 1.6 0.6 ..
Denmark 2.6 2.2 1.8 1.5 6.5 2.0 2.3 0.6 -0.4 1.0 2.0 -0.5 0.9 1.7 2.7 1.4 0.9 -0.2 -2.5 -1.8 3.9 1.3 ..
Germany .. .. 2.5 1.4 2.7 2.4 2.0 2.3 1.1 0.9 2.7 2.5 1.4 0.9 0.8 1.2 3.6 1.7 -0.1 -2.5 1.8 1.6 0.4
Estonia .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 5.9 5.0 6.1 5.8 6.0 5.0 6.8 -2.8 2.5 5.8 -1.1 ..
Ireland .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 4.9 6.5 2.6 5.1 2.9 1.6 0.5 1.2 2.5 0.1 5.0 3.8 3.6 ..
Greece .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 4.0 1.7 5.0 2.9 -1.3  (b) 5.0 3.5 3.0  (p) -4.9  (p) -3.3  (p) -2.7  (p) ..
Spain .. .. .. .. .. .. 1.1 0.3 -0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.4 0.7 0.5 0.6 0.9 1.3 0.7 2.5 2.0 1.4 ..
France 2.0 1.5 2.0 1.3 2.4 2.6 0.4 2.1 2.5 1.6 3.5 0.9 3.0 1.0 0.5 1.5 2.9 0.1 -1.0 -0.6 1.4 1.4 ..
Italy .. .. .. 1.9 4.2 3.0 -0.2 2.1 -0.4 0.6 2.5 0.8 -0.6 -1.2 1.3 0.8 0.4 0.3 -0.7 -2.2 2.3 0.2 ..
Cyprus .. .. .. .. .. .. 1.3 1.3 3.0 2.5 2.9 0.5 1.5 -1.5 2.4 1.9 1.4 2.3 1.9 -1.0 1.2 0.2 ..
Latvia .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 6.5  (b) 6.3  (b) 6.2  (b) 9.3  (b) 6.6  (b) 6.9  (b) 7.2  (b) 0.1  (b) -2.4  (b) 4.8  (b) 13.8  (b) ..
Lithuania .. .. .. .. .. .. 4.4 7.4 5.3 4.3 1.2 11.8 4.8 8.9 6.0 1.7 6.7 5.7 1.9 -6.5 5.9 5.2 ..
Luxembourg .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1.4 2.2 3.6 1.4 1.5 -6.3 -1.3 1.0 -1.0 ..
Hungary .. .. .. .. .. .. 0.3 1.7 2.6 -0.4 3.5 5.9 4.0 5.2 5.2 4.3 3.7 0.3 2.2 -3.2 1.3 0.4 ..
Malta .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 3.3  (e) -0.3  (e) 2.8  (e) 10.1  (e) -5.0  (e) 1.7  (e) -0.2  (e) 1.6  (e) -3.2  (e) 1.9 -6.8 ..
Netherlands .. .. .. .. .. .. 0.9 1.8 2.1 2.3 1.8 0.7 0.7 1.4 3.3 2.0 1.8 1.6 0.1 -2.4 2.2 0.2 ..
Austria .. .. .. .. .. .. 0.2 1.1 4.0 1.7 2.7 0.9 1.9 0.7 1.6 2.2 3.3 2.2 0.5 -0.2 2.2 0.4 ..
Poland .. .. .. .. .. .. 5.0 5.6 3.8 119.8  (b) -47.5 3.4 4.9 4.8 4.1 1.7 2.9 2.3 1.4 2.2 3.6 3.8 ..
Portugal .. .. .. .. .. .. 1.9 1.7 1.6 2.9 1.3 1.1 0.7 0.0 1.3 1.1 1.4 1.7 0.2 -0.2 3.7 0.8  (p) ..
Romania .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 3.0 6.8 16.0 7.0 9.8 5.4 6.2 5.4 7.3 -5.1 0.5 .. ..
Slovenia .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 3.2 0.8 3.0 3.2 6.9 6.1 4.3 -0.1 -6.1 3.1 3.9 ..
Slovakia .. .. .. .. .. .. 6.7 4.9 5.3 3.0 3.4 3.7 7.3 7.1 2.6 3.3 5.8 7.2 2.3 -2.3 4.4 2.2 ..
Finland 2.9 0.9 3.5 5.3 4.0 2.1 2.2 3.0 3.7 1.2 4.0 2.0 1.3 2.4 3.4 2.0 2.9 3.2 -1.2 -5.2 3.1 1.5 ..
Sweden 0.3 1.3 2.2 0.7 2.6 2.0 1.6 3.7 2.6 2.0 3.4 0.6 3.9 3.8 3.4 2.9 2.9 0.2 -1.8 -2.2 3.3 1.4 ..
United Kingdom .. .. .. .. .. .. 2.2  (e) 2.1  (e) 2.8  (e) 2.5  (e) 3.7  (e) 1.9  (e) 2.8  (e) 4.0  (e) 2.1  (e) 1.5  (e) 2.0  (e) 2.8  (e) -0.4  (e) -2.1  (e) .. .. ..
Iceland .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
Norway 3.4 4.3 3.1 2.3 3.8 3.2 3.4 2.7 0.2 1.2 4.0 3.5 2.2 3.1 2.0 1.1 -0.9 -1.8 -3.4 0.4 0.4 -0.5 ..
Switzerland .. .. 0.9 0.9 0.7 1.8 2.2 2.8 0.9 -0.7 2.9 2.0 0.8 -0.4 0.3 2.2 2.2 1.9 0.3 .. .. .. ..
United States 1.7  (e) 1.2  (e) 3.3  (e) 0.5  (e) 0.9  (e) 0.0  (e) 2.5  (e) 1.5  (e) 2.2  (e) 2.8  (e) 2.7  (e) 2.4  (e) 3.1  (e) 3.1  (e) 2.3  (e) 1.5  (e) 0.9  (e) 1.2  (e) 0.6  (e) 1.9  (e) .. .. ..

(..) - not available
(e) - estimated
(b) - break in time series
(p) - provisional

Source: Eurostat
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