Gender pay gap
Gender pay gap refers to the difference in average gross hourly wages and salaries of male and female employees by economic activity. It is calculated as gross hourly wages and salaries of male employees, less gross hourly wages and salaries of female employees, divided by gross hourly wages and salaries of male employees.
All economically active enterprises, institutions and organisations with at least one employee are taken into account.
Gender pay gap | 2015–2023
Gender pay gap by economic activity | 2011 – 2023
Unit: euros
| 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2023 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gross hourly wages and salaries of males | 5.7 | 5.7 | 6.1 | 6.4 | 7.0 | 7.6 | 7.9 | 7.9 | 8.6 | 9.1 | 10.0 | 11.8 |
| Gross hourly wages and salaries of females | 4.4 | 4.3 | 4.6 | 4.9 | 5.4 | 6.0 | 6.3 | 6.5 | 7.1 | 7.7 | 8.5 | 10.3 |
Wages and salaries gap | 2016 – 2023
Unit: %
| 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wages and salaries gap | 20.9 | 20.9 | 18.0 | 17.1 | 15.6 | 14.9 | 17.7 | 13.1 |
Tools and applications
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