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According to Statistics Estonia, one of the most important population development indicators — life expectancy — has shown an increasing trend in Estonia in case of women as well as men during the last decade. Due to a higher life expectancy, women outnumber men at the age of 65+ by two times.

According to Statistics Estonia, in 2020, life expectancy at birth for Estonian inhabitants was 78.8 years. Male life expectancy was 74.4 years and female life expectancy was 82.8 years for the second year in a row. Men are expected to live disability-free for 55.5 years and women for 59.5 years.

According to Statistics Estonia, in the 3rd quarter of 2018, the unemployment rate was 5.2%, the employment rate was 68.2% and the labour force participation rate was 72%. The unemployment rate remained low and is similar to that of economic boom years. The employment rate and the labour force participation are even higher than during the boom years. Employment of older persons is at a record high.

According to Statistics Estonia, in 2022, the Dwelling Price Index increased by 22.2% compared with the average of 2021, but the rise in prices basically stopped in the fourth quarter.

According to Statistics Estonia, in the third quarter of 2023, the unemployment rate was 7.3%, the labour force participation rate 74.5%, and the employment rate 69.1%.

Data from the register-based population and housing census of 2021 reveal that 72.5% of Estonia’s population is made up of native people, i.e. persons with at least one parent and grandparent born in Estonia. At the time of the previous census, the share of the native populace was 75.3%, which means that the proportion of natives in the population has decreased by 2.8 percentage points, while the share of the foreign-origin population who consider themselves ethnic Estonians has increased.

According to Statistics Estonia, in 2018, the labour force participation rate was 71.9%, the employment rate was 68.1% and the unemployment rate was 5.4%. The number of long‑term unemployed was the lowest of the last 20 years.