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The culture and meaning of work have changed significantly over time. In addition to earning an income to cover basic needs, people expect self-growth and self-realisation opportunities from their jobs. Work life quality at the society level means healthy and skilled jobs for as many people as possible in order to ensure high employment and productivity. Employers hope to find people with suitable skills from the labour market. Employees wish to work secure, safe and interesting jobs, which are also flexible enough to allow contributing to the society outside the job and enjoying fulfilling

Gender pay gap refers to the difference between the average gross hourly wages and salaries of male and female employees by economic activity at the letter code level. Part-time employees' earnings are also taken into account when comparing gross hourly wages and salaries. Hourly wages and salaries are used to calculate the gender pay gap on the basis of a pan-European methodology. The gender pay gap is calculated by subtracting the average gross hourly wages and salaries of female employees from those of male employees and dividing the difference by the average gross hourly wages and salaries