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The consumer price index (CPI) expresses the change in the prices of consumer goods and services. In order to calculate the consumer price index, it is first necessary to determine what an average private consumer regularly buys. The expenditures are then categorised according to the European Classification of Individual Consumption According to Purpose (ECOICOP, ver. 2), and their shares in the total index (known as index weights) are calculated. For the calculation of the index, it is necessary to choose the goods and services for which price changes will be monitored. These are called

Research and development (R&D) aim at acquiring new knowledge or using existing knowledge in a novel way. For example, it is the improvement of a product or work process. R&D ends when the main product is developed and the focus is shifted to production planning or market expansion. The main features of R&D are novelty, creativity, ambiguity, systematicity and transferability. Novelty means discovering something new, and with that goal in mind, researchers carry out studies at universities and research institutes. In business, novelty refers to new discoveries or technologies that have not

Exports is the exportation of goods produced in Estonia and exportation of goods imported from a foreign country. It includes temporary exportation of goods for the purpose of processing abroad, re-exportation after processing in Estonia and supplies for foreign vessels and aircraft. Exports does not include transit and services. Data on exports to EU countries are based on Intrastat questionnaires collected by Statistics Estonia, supplemented with estimates and administrative data. Estimates are compiled at the level of the 2-digit commodity code and partner country. Data on exports to non-EU

The construction price index expresses the change in the cost of construction taking into consideration the price changes of basic inputs. These are divided into three main groups: labour, building materials and building machines. The calculation of the construction price index covers four groups of buildings: detached houses, blocks of flats, industrial buildings and office buildings. Price information is collected with a sample survey covering construction, rental and wholesale companies and retail enterprises in ten regions to achieve sufficient regional and statistical coverage. The

The focus of the global goal “Life on Land” is sustainable use and efficient protection of terrestrial ecosystems and the species living there. Protected and conserved ecosystems and biodiversity help to reduce human pressure on the environment and mitigate natural disasters. Ecosystems that are healthy and have integrity maintain resilience to the impacts of climate change and benefit the populations depending on these ecosystems. The 2030 Agenda emphasises the need to implement first the prior global agreements (Convention on Biological Diversity, the Nagoya Protocol, etc.). It is important

Absolute poverty means that a person’s income is below the absolute poverty threshold. The threshold is calculated on the basis of equivalised disposable income that takes into account the composition of the household (the weight of the first adult member is 1, the weight of each additional member aged at least 14 years is 0.7 and the weight of everyone under 14 years of age is 0.5), i.e. the total household income is divided by the sum of equivalence scales of household members. The absolute poverty threshold is the estimated subsistence minimum, which represents the financial cost of meeting