Agriculture

Agriculture is one of the traditional economic activities in Estonia. It has provided us with food for millennia. Agriculture continues to be important in Estonia, supplying food for not just our own people but for other countries as well, and providing jobs for many local people.

The statistics give an overview of agriculture in Estonia by month, quarter and year. Statistics Estonia publishes agricultural indicators for Estonia as a whole and for counties, covering:

  • crop farming (areas, production, fertilisation)
  • animal farming (livestock, production, purchase prices)
  • milk use (production of milk products)
  • organic farming
  • agricultural income indicators (value of output, costs, value added)
  • sale and rental prices of agricultural land
  • consumption of agricultural products
  • labour force and other gainful activities
  • production methods
  • sizes and types of agricultural holdings

Agricultural statistics are used to assess the situation of the sector, monitor production and consumption trends as well as food security.

  • The economic accounts for agriculture are a key input to national accounts.
  • The statistics on agricultural land prices reflect how direct support paid to agricultural producers affects the price of land.
  • Data on agricultural production and purchase prices are used in the economic accounts for agriculture.
  • Consumption data reflect national demand and consumption trends.
  • Data on agricultural production allow assessing the country’s food self-sufficiency.

A large share of agricultural statistics in the European Union are based on a common methodology. The statistics are used for analysis, to prepare development plans and to assess the effectiveness of the EU Common Agricultural Policy.

Agricultural statistics are also vital for other domains. Agricultural indicators are used, for example, in the compilation of the national greenhouse gas emission inventories and in reports required under the EU Nitrates Directive, the Water Framework Directive and the HELCOM Baltic Sea Action Plan.

Utilised agricultural area 981,679 ha
0.0%
Organic crop area 225,788 ha
1.8%
Cereal production 1,549,758 tonnes
8.9%
Potato production 75,624 tonnes
16.7%
Milk production 244,600 tonnes
0.0%
Q2 2026
Meat production 24,486 tonnes
-10.2%
Q2 2026
Egg production 54,447 thousand pcs
5.0%
Q2 2026
Average purchase price of milk 397.8 euro/tonne
3.7%
SEPTEMBER 2026
Value of agricultural output 1,452,611.9 thousand euros
11.0%
2025

Agricultural land and area under crops, 2024–2026

Unit: hectares

 202420252026
Utilised Agricultural Area982,440982,063981,679
Arable land705,400704,889708,683
Cereals for the production of grain349,184346,620333,612
Wheat173,320186,271177,016
Common winter wheat139,999158,961148,661
Common spring wheat33,32127,31128,355
Rye18,23517,94410,075
Barley95,05679,68181,913
Winter barley30,94730,02230,129
Spring barley64,10949,65851,785
Oats48,35848,66047,208
Spring cereal mixtures905137177
Triticale6,3686,9617,872
Buckwheat6,9436,9669,350
Dry pulses60,41465,44163,102
Field peas49,67549,63238,089
Field beans10,68215,71524,776
Other dry pulses5794237
Potatoes3,1763,1673,151
Fodder root crops3394119
Industrial crops66,57973,10277,691
Rape and turnip rape seeds60,24761,92066,373
Winter rape and turnip rape seeds47,48955,00854,021
Spring rape and turnip rape seeds12,7586,91212,352
Linseed (oilfax)8812997
Hemp4,0678,7348,663
Aromatic, medicinal and culinary plants760539991
Other industrial crops1,4171,7801,567
Plants harvested green from arabe land205,304191,077202,638
Green maize21,32520,87323,891
Cereals and dried pulses harvested green19,95721,57521,189
Other plants harvested green from arable land3,7803,4662,804

Crop production per inhabitant, 2021–2025

Unit: kg

 20212022202320242025
Cereals for the production of grain9671,1488799481,039
Potatoes5459625447
Vegetables3933322432

Average price of milk, February 2025 – September 2026

Unit: euros/ton

February 2025524.48
March 2025518.75
April 2025518.94
May 2025514.00
June 2025507.54
July 2025500.78
August 2025498.30
September 2025503.73
October 2025508.18
November 2025504.81
December 2025500.04
January 2026456.87
February 2026438.64
March 2026406.36
April 2026400.19
May 2026393.93
June 2026389.47
July 2026383.21
August 2026383.71
September 2026397.81
News

The Farm Structure Survey begins in September

The Farm Structure Survey 2026 is conducted by Statistics Estonia from 1 September until 30 November. The survey provides a comprehensive overview of agriculture in Estonia. These data are required for developing agricultural policies. Agricultural holdings who are in the sample but have not answered online by 23 September will be contacted by Statistics Estonia’s interviewers by phone between 24 September and 30 November. 

Read more 25. August 2026
News

Estonia produces 71% of the meat consumed here

According to Statistics Estonia, 76,500 tonnes of meat were produced in Estonia in 2024, which is 1% more than the year before. The average annual meat production was 56 kg per person. Including imported meat, a total of 78 kg of meat per person were consumed during the year. 71% of the meat consumed in Estonia in 2024 was locally produced.

Read more 14. April 2025