Energy consumption and production (monthly)

Purpose

The purpose of the statistical process is to provide an overview of the developments in the electricity and heat economy and the use of fuels.

Type of activity

A census survey supplemented with administrative data and with data from other surveys

Statistical presentation

Data description (S.3.1)

Electricity production, imports, exports and sales; heat production and sales; consumption of fuels for energy production and stock changes; changes in electricity and heat production (indices);

liquid fuels and natural gas production, import, export, inland consumption and stock changes compared to previous month.

Classification system (S.3.2)

Estonian Classification of Economic Activities (EMTAK, based on NACE Rev. 2);

Combined Nomenclature (CN);

List of fuels 2024

Sector coverage (S.3.3)

Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply

Statistical concepts and definitions (S.3.4)

Consumption of fuels – the amount of fuel consumed by power plants and heating plants for energy production

Electricity sold to households – electricity sold to households, housing cooperatives, etc., where the final consumers of electricity are households

Enterprise – an enterprise consists of one or more companies (public limited company, private limited company, limited partnership, general partnership, commercial association) or branches of foreign companies or sole proprietors

Final consumption of energy – energy which is received and consumed after conversions into other forms of energy (electricity, heat, fuel). Final consumption excludes the use of energy for non-energy purposes, self-consumption by power plants and losses.

Fuel stock at the end of the period – fuel stock at the end of the reference period

Heat production – heat output measured by meter readings. If there are no meters, it is based on the fuel calorific value, fuel consumption and average boiler efficiency. If the heat output has not been measured, it can be calculated by multiplying the amount of fuel by it's calorific value and the boiler efficiency. The average boiler efficiency is 0.7 for solid fuels, 0.8 for liquid fuels, and 0.9 for gas boiler.

Renewable energy – energy from non-fossil sources (e.g. wind energy, solar energy, hydropower)

Statistical unit (S.3.5)

Enterprise

Statistical population (S.3.6)

Enterprises whose main activity is electricity production, sale and steam and hot water supply, and enterprises whose secondary activity is electricity production and steam and hot water supply and whose heat production exceeds 10 gigawatt hours.

Reference area (S.3.7)

Estonia as a whole

Time coverage (S.3.8)

Production of electricity and heat and index of production 2000–…

Electricity production, imports, exports and sale 2005–…

Consumption of fuels for energy generation and fuels in stock 2007–…

Supply of liquid fuels and natural gas 2013–…

The data are published in the statistical database monthly.

Base period (S.3.9)

Not applicable

Unit of measure

Electricity production, imports, exports and sales, heat production – gigawatt-hours (GWh);

fuel consumption for energy production – natural unit (depends on type of fuel);

consumption of fuel in value – thousand euros;

stock – natural unit (depends on type of fuel);

change of electricity and heat production indices – percentage (%)

Reference period

Month

Institutional mandate

Legal acts and other agreements (S.6.1)

Official Statistics Act;

Commission Regulation (EU) 2017/2010 of 9 November 2017 amending Regulation (EC) No 1099/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council on energy statistics, as regards the updates for the annual and monthly energy statistics (Text with EEA relevance);

Commission Regulation (EU) 2019/2146 of 26 November 2019 amending Regulation (EC) No 1099/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council on energy statistics, as regards the implementation of updates for the annual, monthly and short-term monthly energy statistics (Text with EEA relevance);

Commission Regulation (EU) No 431/2014 of 24 April 2014 amending Regulation (EC) No 1099/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council on energy statistics, as regards the implementation of annual statistics on energy consumption in households (Text with EEA relevance);

Commission Regulation (EU) No 147/2013 of 13 February 2013 amending Regulation (EC) No 1099/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council on energy statistics, as regards the implementation of updates for the monthly and annual energy statistics;

Regulation (EC) No 1099/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 22 October 2008 on energy statistics (Text with EEA relevance);

Commission Regulation (EU) No 844/2010 of 20 September 2010 amending Regulation (EC) No 1099/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council on energy statistics, as regards the establishment of a set of annual nuclear statistics and the adaptation of the methodological references according to NACE Rev. 2 (Text with EEA relevance);

Commission Regulation (EU) 2022/132 of 28 January 2022 amending Regulation (EC) No 1099/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council on energy statistics, as regards the implementation of updates for the annual, monthly and short-term monthly energy statistics (Text with EEA relevance);

Commission Regulation (EU) 2024/264 of 17 January 2024 amending Regulation (EC) No 1099/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council on energy statistics, as regards the implementation of updates for the annual, monthly and short-term monthly energy statistics (Text with EEA relevance)

Data sharing (S.6.2)

None

Confidentiality

Confidentiality - policy (S.7.1)

The dissemination of data collected for the purpose of producing official statistics is guided by the requirements provided for in § 32, § 34, § 35 and § 38 of the Official Statistics Act.

On European level, Regulation (EC) No 223/2009 on European statistics (recital 24 and Article 20(4)) of 11 March 2009 (OJ L 87, p. 164), stipulates the need to establish common principles and guidelines ensuring the confidentiality of data used for the production of European statistics and the access to those confidential data with due account for technical developments and the requirements of users in a democratic society.

Confidentiality - data treatment (S.7.2)

The dissemination of data collected for the production of official statistics is based on the requirements laid down in §§ 34 and 35 of the Official Statistics Act.

The principles for treatment of confidential data can be found here: Data protection (Privacy policy).

Release policy

Release calendar (S.8.1)

Notifications about the dissemination of statistics are published in the release calendar, which is available on Statistics Estonia's website. Every year on 1 October, the release times of the statistical database, news releases, main indicators by IMF SDDS and publications for the following year are announced in the release calendar (in the case of publications – the release month).

Release calendar access (S.8.2)

The release calendar is available to consumers on the website Calendar.

User access (S.8.3)

All users have been granted equal access to official statistics: dissemination dates of official statistics are announced in advance and no user category (incl. Eurostat, state authorities and mass media) is provided access to official statistics before other users. Official statistics are first published in the statistical database. If there is also a news release, it is published simultaneously with data in the statistical database. Official statistics are available on the website at 8:00 a.m. on the date announced in the release calendar.

Frequenct of dissemination

Month

Accessibility and clarity

News release (S.10.1)

The news can be viewed on the website of Statistics Estonia in the section News.

A monthly news release on industrial production is published, which is partially based on data from this statistical process. The news release published on 6 January 2026 can be read here: "Industrial production grew by 3.4% in November". All news releases based on data from this statistical activity can be seen under Industry on the news page.

Publications (S.10.2)

Not published

On-line database (S.10.3)

Data are published in the statistical database at under the subject area Economy/Energy / Energy consumption and production / Short term statistics in the following tables:

KE20: Production of electricity and heat and index of production (monthly);

KE21: Electricity production, imports, exports and sale (monthly);

KE22: Production of electricity and heat and index of production (monthly);

KE23: Supply of liquid fuels and natural gas (months).

Data tables - consultations (S.10.3.1)

The database tables related to the statistical process were viewed 1,677 times in 2025, 2,298 times in 2024, 1,997 times in 2023, 3,444 times in 2022, 2,387 times in 2021.

These figures do not include views of discontinued data tables. Each table view is counted as a separate viewing. This is based on the database URLs, which show that the data have been selected and the table formed.

Micro-data access (S.10.4)

The dissemination of data collected for the purpose of producing official statistics is guided by the requirements provided for in § 33, § 34, § 35, § 36, § 38 of the Official Statistics Act.

Access to microdata and anonymisation of microdata are regulated by Statistics Estonia’s procedure for dissemination of confidential data for scientific purposes.

Other (S.10.5)

The data are submitted to Eurostat in accordance with Regulation (EC) No 1099/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 22 October 2008 on energy statistics. The questionnaires are available on Eurostat’s website. The same data are also submitted to the International Energy Agency (operating within the OECD framework). The data are transmitted via the EDAMIS channel.

Energy statistics can also be found in the energy section on Statistics Estonia’s website.

The data serve as input for the statistical activities 21405 “National accounts (quarterly)”, 21408 “Supply and use tables” and 22201 “Production indices”.

Metadata - consultations (S.10.5.1)

The metadata related to the statistical process were viewed 91 times (1 January 2025 – 31 December 2025). This figure does not represent the number of viewers, as the metadata may have been viewed multiple times by a single user.

Documentation on methodology (S.10.6)

Energy Statistics Manual

Quality documentation (S.10.7)

This statistical process is guided by the European Statistics Code of Practice – revised edition, 2017.

Quality management

Quality assurance (S.11.1)

To assure the quality of processes and products, Statistics Estonia applies the European Statistics Code of Practice and the Quality Assurance Framework of the European Statistical System (ESS QAF). Statistics Estonia is also guided by the EFQM Excellence Model and the requirements in section 7 “Principles and quality criteria of producing official statistics” of the Official Statistics Act.

Quality assessment (S.11.2)

Statistics Estonia performs all statistical activities according to an international model (Generic Statistical Business Process Model – GSBPM). According to the GSBPM, the final phase of statistical activities is overall evaluation using information gathered in each phase or sub-process; this information can take many forms, including feedback from users, process metadata, system metrics and suggestions from employees. This information is used to prepare the evaluation report which outlines all the quality problems related to the specific statistical activity and serves as input for improvement actions.

Quality is managed by the quality manager.

Relevance

User needs (S.12.1)

The data are used by the Ministry of Climate and the Estonian Environmental Research Centre for economic analysis.

The data are also used by international organisations, including the International Energy Agency (IEA), the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), the United Nations (UN), and the statistical office of the European Union (Eurostat).

User satisfaction (S.12.2)

Since 1996, Statistics Estonia has conducted reputation and user satisfaction surveys. Surveys conducted at least once a year target both the existing and potential consumers of statistics. All results are available on Statistics Estonia's website in the section User surveys. The survey referred to does not concern a specific statistical process but is a general satisfaction survey.

Information on user satisfaction can also be obtained through user feedback, which has been mostly positive.

Completeness (S.12.3)

The statistics are in compliance with the volumes and deadlines in Regulation (EC) No 1099/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 22 October 2008

Data completeness - rate for U (S.12.3.1a)

All required indicators have been collected and calculated (completeness 100%).

Accuracy and reliability

Overall accuracy (S.13.1)

The type of survey and the data collection methods ensure sufficient accuracy.

Sampling error (S.13.2)

Not applicable as this is not a sample survey.

Sampling error - indicators for U (S.13.2.1a)

Not applicable as this is not a sample survey.

Non-sampling error (S.13.3)

Not applied

Coverage error (S.13.3.1)

The frame is a list of active enterprises (based on the business register for statistical purposes) whose main activity is electricity production and steam and hot water supply, or whose secondary activity is electricity production and steam and hot water supply and whose heat production according to the annual questionnaire “Energy” exceeded 10 gigawatt-hours.

Since the frame is based on register data, there is minimum under- or over-coverage.

Over-coverage - rate (S.13.3.3.1)

Not applied

Measurement error (S.13.3.2)

An effort is made to prevent measurement errors through multi-stage checking procedures. There is no information about major measurement errors. The questionnaire is carefully designed, in electronic format, and includes a number of arithmetic and logical checks. Where possible, the questionnaire is prefilled with administrative data.

Non response error (S.13.3.3)

The non-response rate is very low and has no significant impact on quality. Imputation is used for non-responding units.

Unit non-response - rate for U (S.13.3.3.1a)

The non-response rate is usually 0–1%.

Item non-response - rate for U (S.13.3.3.2a)

Not applied

Processing error (S.13.3.4)

Not applied

Model assumption error (S.13.3.5)

Models are not used in this statistical process.

Timeliness and punctuality

Timeliness (S.14.1)

Data on electricity and heat are published 30 days after the end of the reference month (T + 30 days).

Data on liquid fuels and natural gas supply are published 60 days after the end of the reference month (T + 60 days).

Time lag - first results for P (S.14.1.1)

The data are published once: the data on electricity and heat 30 days after the end of the reference month, and the data on liquid fuels and natural gas supply 60 days after the end of the reference month.

Time lag - final results for U (S.14.1.2a)

The data are published once: the data on electricity and heat 30 days after the end of the reference month, and the data on liquid fuels and natural gas supply 60 days after the end of the reference month.

Punctuality (S.14.2)

The data have been published at the time announced in the release calendar.

Punctuality - delivery and publication for U (S.14.2.1a)

Andmete avaldamise õigeaegsus on 100%.

Coherence and comparability

Comparability - geographical (S.15.1)

The data are comparable to the data of other European Union countries because of the common methodology used for energy statistics.

Comparability - over time (S.15.2)

The data are comparable over time because the same methodology has been used throughout the time series and there are no breaks in the time series.

Length of comparable time series for U (S.15.2.1a)

There have been no breaks in the time series of any of the tables, which means that the number of observation periods in the last unbroken time series equals the number of all observation periods.

Coherence - cross domain (S.15.3)

Coherence with annual energy statistics is ensured by the use of the same terminology, classifications and definitions. There is also coherence with the data of the statistical process 22201 “Production indices”.

Coherence - sub annual and annual statistics (S.15.3.1)

The data of this statistical process are coherent with the data of the statistical activity 20206 “Energy consumption and production (annual)”.

Coherence - National Accounts (S.15.3.2)

The data serve as input for the statistical process 21405 “National accounts (quarterly)” where they are used in GDP calculations in accordance with the national accounts methodology.

Coherence - internal (S.15.4)

The outputs of the statistical process are coherent.

Cost and burden

Total time of filling in reports of the statistical process: 815 hours (data for 2025);

total time of filling in reports of the statistical process: 946 hours (data for 2024).

Costs are not calculated separately for different statistical processes.

Data revision

Data revision - policy (S.17.1)

The data revision policy and notification of corrections are described on Statistics Estonia's website in the section Principles of dissemination of official statistics.

Data revision - practice (S.17.2)

The published data may be revised if the methodology is modified, errors are discovered, new or better data become available.

Data revision - average size for U (S.17.2.1a)

Not applied

Statistical processing

Source data (S.18.1)

This is a census survey. The survey population includes all enterprises whose principal activity is the production of electricity (excluding entities only producing renewable electricity, i.e. solar, wind or hydroelectric power), the sale and distribution of electricity, and steam and hot water supply, or which hold, pursuant to the Register of Economic Activities, a licence to sell electricity, transmit electricity via a direct line, or provide distribution network services. The population also includes enterprises, institutions and organisations whose secondary activity is electricity production and steam and hot water supply and whose heat production according to the latest annual data exceeded 10 gigawatt-hours

The Estonian Tax and Customs Board provides data on fuel stocks at the end of the month in customs and excise warehouses and free zones by commodity codes of the Combined Nomenclature (CN), and data on inland consumption of liquid fuels.

Data on electricity produced from solar, wind and hydro energy are obtained from AS Elering each month.

Data on imports and exports from the statistical activity 22303 “Foreign trade” and data on fuel production from the statistical activity 22201 “Production indices” are used.

Frequency of data collection (S.18.2)

Month

Data collection (S.18.3)

Data are collected and the submission of questionnaires is monitored through a web-based data submission self-service environment. The questionnaires have been designed for independent completion in the self-service environment and include instructions and controls. The questionnaires and information about data submission are available on the website of Statistics Estonia in the section Questionnaires.

Data are collected with the monthly official statistics questionnaire “Production and trade of energy, consumption of fuels”.

The data from the Tax and Customs Board are obtained via an FTP-server.

The data of renewable electricity production entered into the network is transmitted by AS Elering in a file.

Data validation (S.18.4)

Arithmetic and qualitative checks are used in the validation process, including comparison with data from previous periods. Internal coherence is checked before dissemination. Logical and consistency checks are applied to aggregate data for the current month and previous months.

Data compilation (S.18.5)

In the case of missing or unreliable data, estimate imputation based on established regulations is used.

Variables which were not collected but which are necessary for producing the output are calculated. New variables are calculated by applying arithmetic conversion to already existing variables. This may be done repeatedly; the derived variable may, in turn, be based on previously derived new variables.

Microdata are aggregated to the level necessary for analysis. This includes aggregating the data according to the classification, and calculating various statistical indicators.

Imputation - rate (S.18.5.1)

The imputation rate shows the share of imputed values among all values.

In this process, imputation is used rarely, only if the data of a very significant unit are missing. In such cases, the values of all variables are replaced with the data for the corresponding period of the previous year. Single values are not imputed; the imputation rate is not calculated.

Adjustment (S.18.6)

Not applied

Seasonal adjustment (S.18.6.1)

Not applied

Comment

None