Economic accounts for agriculture
Kontakt
Contact organisation: Statistics Estonia
Contact organisation unit: Economic and Environmental Statistics Department
Contact name: Pille Veidenberg
Contact person function: Agricultural and Technology Statistics Service Team, Leading Analyst
Contact mail address: Tatari 51, 10134 Tallinn, Estonia
Contact email address: pille.veidenberg@stat.ee
Contact phone number: 372 5887 2904
Metadata last certified 30/09/2025
Metadata last update 30/09/2025
Purpose
The aim of the statistical activity is to provide input for the monitoring and evaluation of the EU's common agricultural policy (CAP). Economic accounts for agriculture are a basic tool for analysing the economic situation of a country's agriculture, and more specifically agricultural income, which are also used as the basis for calculating subsidies. Economic accounts for agriculture also make a valuable contribution to the calculation of the national accounts, incl. quarterly and regional accounts. The results of the economic accounts for agriculture are among the indicators of the Agriculture and Fisheries Strategy.
Statistical presentation
Data description (S.3.1)
Agricultural output, intermediate consumption, gross and net value added, and fixed capital consumption at basic prices of the corresponding and previous year;
compensation of employees, other taxes and subsidies on production, factor income, operating surplus, rents, interests paid and received, entrepreneurial income at prices of the corresponding year;
unit values for agricultural products at producer and basic prices;
gross fixed capital formation, salaried and non-salaried labour force in annual work units.
Data are published in basic prices of the corresponding and previous year, which allows a separate estimation of changes due to both volume and price.
compensation of employees, other taxes and subsidies on production, factor income, operating surplus, rents, interests paid and received, entrepreneurial income at prices of the corresponding year;
unit values for agricultural products at producer and basic prices;
gross fixed capital formation, salaried and non-salaried labour force in annual work units.
Data are published in basic prices of the corresponding and previous year, which allows a separate estimation of changes due to both volume and price.
Classification system (S.3.2)
No classifications are used in the collection, processing or publication of data in this statistical activity.
Sector coverage (S.3.3)
Agriculture
Statistical concepts and definitions (S.3.4)
Annual work unit (AWU) – national or regional average annual working time of adult full-time farm workers employed throughout 12 months (a calendar year) for 1,800 hours, i.e. 225 working days, each day 8 hours
Basic price – the price obtained from the buyer for a unit of goods or services (producer price) less taxes on products plus subsidies for the production or sale of the product
Entrepreneurial income – operating surplus less paid rent and interest plus interest received
Factor income – net value added less other production charges plus other subsidies on production
Fixed capital consumption – the foreseeable wear and tear of fixed capital goods during the accounting period represent a charge which is implicit so long as the item is not replaced by a new acquisition. The consumption of fixed capital is not calculated for stocks and unfinished products, non-produced assets (land, underground deposits and patented assets) and animals providing agricultural production.
Gross fixed capital formation – acquisitions less disposals of fixed assets
Gross value added – the output of agricultural industry less total intermediate consumption
Intermediate consumption – the value of all goods and services used as inputs in the production process, excluding fixed assets whose consumption is recorded as fixed capital consumption
Net value added – gross value added less fixed capital consumption
Operating surplus – factor income less compensation of employees
Output – sales, processing by producers, own final consumption, used for payments in kind, own-account produced fixed capital goods, change in stocks and intra-unit consumption. Within the industry, non-marketable intra-unit consumed products (such as animal feeding stuffs produced in crop production) are included in agricultural output.
Output of agricultural industry – the sum of the agricultural goods and services produced by agricultural units and inseparable non-agricultural goods and services produced by agricultural units
Producer price – price received from the purchaser for a unit of goods or services.
Basic price – the price obtained from the buyer for a unit of goods or services (producer price) less taxes on products plus subsidies for the production or sale of the product
Entrepreneurial income – operating surplus less paid rent and interest plus interest received
Factor income – net value added less other production charges plus other subsidies on production
Fixed capital consumption – the foreseeable wear and tear of fixed capital goods during the accounting period represent a charge which is implicit so long as the item is not replaced by a new acquisition. The consumption of fixed capital is not calculated for stocks and unfinished products, non-produced assets (land, underground deposits and patented assets) and animals providing agricultural production.
Gross fixed capital formation – acquisitions less disposals of fixed assets
Gross value added – the output of agricultural industry less total intermediate consumption
Intermediate consumption – the value of all goods and services used as inputs in the production process, excluding fixed assets whose consumption is recorded as fixed capital consumption
Net value added – gross value added less fixed capital consumption
Operating surplus – factor income less compensation of employees
Output – sales, processing by producers, own final consumption, used for payments in kind, own-account produced fixed capital goods, change in stocks and intra-unit consumption. Within the industry, non-marketable intra-unit consumed products (such as animal feeding stuffs produced in crop production) are included in agricultural output.
Output of agricultural industry – the sum of the agricultural goods and services produced by agricultural units and inseparable non-agricultural goods and services produced by agricultural units
Producer price – price received from the purchaser for a unit of goods or services.
Statistical unit (S.3.5)
Agricultural holding;
agricultural small unit;
agricultural service enterprise
agricultural small unit;
agricultural service enterprise
Statistical population (S.3.6)
Economic accounts for agriculture cover all agricultural holdings and agricultural small units, as well as units whose principal economic activity is agricultural service activities.
Reference area (S.3.7)
Estonia as a whole
Time coverage (S.3.8)
1995–…
Base period (S.3.9)
Not applicable
Institutional mandate
Legal acts and other agreements (S.6.1)
Official Statistics Act;
Regulation (EC) No 138/2004 of the European Parliament and of the council of 5 December 2003 on the economic accounts for agriculture in the Community (Text with EEA relevance).
Regulation (EC) No 138/2004 of the European Parliament and of the council of 5 December 2003 on the economic accounts for agriculture in the Community (Text with EEA relevance).
Data sharing (S.6.2)
None
Accessibility and clarity
News release (S.10.1)
News items can be viewed on Statistics Estonia's website in the section agriculture news.
The production of news releases is decided on a rolling basis.
The production of news releases is decided on a rolling basis.
Publications (S.10.2)
Not published
On-line database (S.10.3)
Data are published in the statistical database under the subject area Economy/Agriculture / Economic accounts for agriculture in the following tables:
PM54: Agricultural output, intermediate consumption, value added, gross fixed capital formation in basic prices of the corresponding year and agricultural labour input and
PM55: Agricultural output, intermediate consumption, value added and gross fixed capital formation in basic prices of the previous year.
PM54: Agricultural output, intermediate consumption, value added, gross fixed capital formation in basic prices of the corresponding year and agricultural labour input and
PM55: Agricultural output, intermediate consumption, value added and gross fixed capital formation in basic prices of the previous year.
Data tables - consultations (S.10.3.1)
Data tables related to the survey were viewed 586 times in 2024, 405 times in 2023, 679 times in 2022, 780 times in 2021, 1,018 times in 2020, 1,130 times in 2019, and 1,029 times in 2018.
Each table view is counted as a separate viewing. This is based on the database URLs, which show that the data have been selected and the table formed.
Each table view is counted as a separate viewing. This is based on the database URLs, which show that the data have been selected and the table formed.
Micro-data access (S.10.4)
The dissemination of data collected for the purpose of producing official statistics is guided by the requirements provided for in § 33, § 34, § 35, § 36, § 38 of the Official Statistics Act.
Access to microdata and anonymisation of microdata are regulated by Statistics Estonia’s procedure for dissemination of confidential data for scientific purposes.
Access to microdata and anonymisation of microdata are regulated by Statistics Estonia’s procedure for dissemination of confidential data for scientific purposes.
Other (S.10.5)
The data are transmitted to Eurostat in accordance with the requirements of EU legislation (see "Legal acts and other agreements"). The data are transmitted along with their publication in the statistical database, i.e. three times: the first estimate in November of the reference year (N), the second estimate in March of the year following the reference year (N + 1), and final data in September of the year following the reference year (N + 1).
The data serve as input for statistical activities 21303 "Government finance", 21408 "Supply and Use Tables", 21401 "National accounts (annual)", 21405 "National accounts (quarterly)", 20405 "Agricultural input price index", 20406 "Agricultural output price index", and 21213 "Supply balance sheets of agricultural products".
The data serve as input for statistical activities 21303 "Government finance", 21408 "Supply and Use Tables", 21401 "National accounts (annual)", 21405 "National accounts (quarterly)", 20405 "Agricultural input price index", 20406 "Agricultural output price index", and 21213 "Supply balance sheets of agricultural products".
Metadata - consultations (S.10.5.1)
The metadata for economic accounts for agriculture were viewed 56 times (1 January 2024 – 31 December 2024). This figure does not represent the number of viewers, as the metadata may have been viewed multiple times by a single user.
Documentation on methodology (S.10.6)
Eurostat's manual on the economic accounts for agriculture: Economic accounts for agriculture manual, 2024 edition.
Quality documentation (S.10.7)
This statistical activity is guided by the European Statistics Code of Practice – revised edition, 2017.
Pursuant to Regulation (EC) No 138/2004 of the European Parliament and of the Council, a report is compiled every five years describing the methodology applied and level of precision achieved
Pursuant to Regulation (EC) No 138/2004 of the European Parliament and of the Council, a report is compiled every five years describing the methodology applied and level of precision achieved
Statistical processing
Source data (S.18.1)
Data from the following statistical activities are used as input in the form of aggregated data:
"Financial statistics of enterprises (quarterly)" (labour force);
"Financial statistics of enterprises (annual)" (agricultural enterprises' turnover by type, costs, labour force);
"Agricultural input price index" (input price indices);
"Agricultural output price index" (output price indices);
"Livestock farming and meat production" (number of animals and all its changes (by number and live weight), including cattle (incl. dairy cows), pigs, sheep and goats, poultry; milk production; egg production, stocks and use; honey and beeswax production; wool production; purchase price of animals);
"Purchase and use of milk" (amount of milk purchased and its price);
"Farm Structure Survey" (labour force);
"Agricultural Census" (labour force);
"Crop farming" (production and area of agricultural crops);
"National accounts (annual)" (data on fixed capital consumption and gross fixed capital formation, FISIM);
"Foreign trade" (import and export of agricultural products);
"Labour Force Survey" (labour force).
Administrative data are also used. Aggregated data on subsidies on products, production and investments are received from the Ministry of Regional Affairs and Agriculture. Information on the prices of cereals and oilseed rape is obtained from the Centre of Estonian Rural Research and Knowledge.
"Financial statistics of enterprises (quarterly)" (labour force);
"Financial statistics of enterprises (annual)" (agricultural enterprises' turnover by type, costs, labour force);
"Agricultural input price index" (input price indices);
"Agricultural output price index" (output price indices);
"Livestock farming and meat production" (number of animals and all its changes (by number and live weight), including cattle (incl. dairy cows), pigs, sheep and goats, poultry; milk production; egg production, stocks and use; honey and beeswax production; wool production; purchase price of animals);
"Purchase and use of milk" (amount of milk purchased and its price);
"Farm Structure Survey" (labour force);
"Agricultural Census" (labour force);
"Crop farming" (production and area of agricultural crops);
"National accounts (annual)" (data on fixed capital consumption and gross fixed capital formation, FISIM);
"Foreign trade" (import and export of agricultural products);
"Labour Force Survey" (labour force).
Administrative data are also used. Aggregated data on subsidies on products, production and investments are received from the Ministry of Regional Affairs and Agriculture. Information on the prices of cereals and oilseed rape is obtained from the Centre of Estonian Rural Research and Knowledge.
Frequency of data collection (S.18.2)
Year
Data collection (S.18.3)
Data from other surveys are used (as aggregated data).
Data from the Ministry of Regional Affairs and Agriculture and the Centre of Estonian Rural Research and Knowledge are received by email.
Data from the Ministry of Regional Affairs and Agriculture and the Centre of Estonian Rural Research and Knowledge are received by email.
Data validation (S.18.4)
Arithmetic and qualitative checks are used in the validation process, including comparison with the data of previous periods or other surveys and with administrative data sources.
Data compilation (S.18.5)
The collected data are converted into statistical output. This includes calculating additional indicators. The main indicators used in the analysis are calculated as follows:
value of output at basic prices – the value of a product plus the subsidies on that product;
gross value added – the output of agricultural industry less total intermediate consumption;
entrepreneurial income – operating surplus less paid rent and interest plus interest received ;
gross fixed capital formation – acquisitions less disposals of fixed assets;
net value added – gross value added less fixed capital consumption;
value of the output of agricultural industry – the value of the agricultural goods and services produced by agricultural units and inseparable non-agricultural goods and services produced by agricultural units;
operating surplus – factor income less compensation of employees;
factor income – net value added less other production charges plus other subsidies on production;
the value of output is calculated, where possible, by multiplying the quantity of output by the price. The price is usually found through a price index. The value of output includes sales, processing by producers, own final consumption, used for payments in kind, own-account produced fixed capital goods, change in stocks and intra-unit consumed products. Within the Industry, non-marketable intra-unit consumed products (such as animal feeding stuffs produced in crop production) are included in agricultural output.
value of output at basic prices – the value of a product plus the subsidies on that product;
gross value added – the output of agricultural industry less total intermediate consumption;
entrepreneurial income – operating surplus less paid rent and interest plus interest received ;
gross fixed capital formation – acquisitions less disposals of fixed assets;
net value added – gross value added less fixed capital consumption;
value of the output of agricultural industry – the value of the agricultural goods and services produced by agricultural units and inseparable non-agricultural goods and services produced by agricultural units;
operating surplus – factor income less compensation of employees;
factor income – net value added less other production charges plus other subsidies on production;
the value of output is calculated, where possible, by multiplying the quantity of output by the price. The price is usually found through a price index. The value of output includes sales, processing by producers, own final consumption, used for payments in kind, own-account produced fixed capital goods, change in stocks and intra-unit consumed products. Within the Industry, non-marketable intra-unit consumed products (such as animal feeding stuffs produced in crop production) are included in agricultural output.
Imputation - rate (S.18.5.1)
Not applied
Adjustment (S.18.6)
Not applied
Seasonal adjustment (S.18.6.1)
Not applied