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According to Statistics Estonia, on 1 January 2022, the population of Estonia was 1,331,796, which is 1,728 persons more than at the same time a year ago. In 2021, there were 13,272 births and 18,587 deaths in Estonia. Based on migration data, 19,524 persons immigrated to Estonia and 12,481 persons emigrated from Estonia.

According to the revised data of Statistics Estonia, 1,328,976 persons lived in Estonia on 1 January 2020, which is 4,156 persons more than at the same time a year earlier. In 2019, the population figure decreased by 1,302 persons due to negative natural change, but increased by 5,458 persons as a result of positive net migration.

According to the revised data of Statistics Estonia, on 1 January 2021, the population of Estonia was 1,330,068, which is 1,179 persons more than the year before*. Last year, the population figure decreased by 2,602 persons due to negative natural increase but increased by 3,782 persons as a result of positive net migration.

According to the revised data of Statistics Estonia, 1,324,820 persons lived in Estonia on 1 January 2019, which is 5,687 persons more than at the same time a year earlier. In 2018, the population figure decreased by 1,384 persons due to negative natural change, but increased by 7,071 persons as a result of positive net migration.

According to Statistics Estonia, 14,822 persons immigrated to and 13,792 persons emigrated from Estonia in 2016. Immigration exceeded emigration for the second year. Most of the migrants were Estonian citizens, but their net migration was negative.

According to Statistics Estonia, the preliminary estimate of the population of Estonia as at 1 January 2020 was 1,328,360, which is 3,540 persons more than at the same time a year ago.

According to the preliminary data of Statistics Estonia, on 1 January 2023, the population of Estonia was 1,357,739, which is 2% (25,943 persons) more than at the same time a year ago. In 2022, there were 11,588 births and 17,245 deaths in Estonia. Based on the data on registered migration, 42,022 persons immigrated to Estonia and 10,422 persons emigrated from Estonia. 75% (31,594) of the immigrants were from Ukraine.

According to Statistics Estonia, 15,413 persons immigrated to and 13,003 persons emigrated from Estonia in 2015. Net migration was 2,410 and natural increase -1,336, meaning that immigration compensated for the population decrease which occurred due to negative natural increase.

According to Statistics Estonia, in 2010, 5,294 persons emigrated from Estonia and 2,810 persons immigrated into Estonia. Emigration increased and immigration decreased compared to the previous year.

Terje Trasberg, team lead of population and education statistics at Statistics Estonia, said that 18,634 persons immigrated to Estonia and 17,260 persons emigrated in 2024. “Last year, natural increase was negative (–6,066 people), while net migration was positive (+1,374 people). As the negative natural increase deepened compared with previous years, the positive net migration could no longer compensate for it. Therefore, the population fell by almost 5,000 people last year,” she said, adding that the last time Estonia's population declined was in 2016. There were 6,100 fewer births than