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According to Statistics Estonia, in the fourth quarter of 2023, the gross domestic product (GDP) decreased by 2.7% compared with the same period of 2022. The GDP at current prices was 9.9 billion euros in the fourth quarter. In 2023 as a whole, Estonia’s GDP decreased by 3% and amounted to 37.7 billion euros at current prices.

Data from the register-based population and housing census of 2021 reveal that 72.5% of Estonia’s population is made up of native people, i.e. persons with at least one parent and grandparent born in Estonia. At the time of the previous census, the share of the native populace was 75.3%, which means that the proportion of natives in the population has decreased by 2.8 percentage points, while the share of the foreign-origin population who consider themselves ethnic Estonians has increased.

According to Statistics Estonia, in the third quarter of 2023, the total production value of Estonian construction enterprises in Estonia and abroad decreased by 5% at constant prices compared with the third quarter of 2022. Considering only the domestic market, the fall in construction volume was 7%.

According to Statistics Estonia, in the first quarter of 2022, the labour force participation rate was 73.1%, the employment rate was 69%, and the unemployment rate was 5.5%*.

Lauri Veski, manager of the consumer price statistics service team at Statistics Estonia, said that the biggest impact on the consumer price index in 2025 came from price increases related to food and non-alcoholic beverages. “The prices of food and non-alcoholic beverages rose by 6.9% last year,” said Veski. Among food products, the biggest rise occurred in the prices of chocolate (31.5%), coffee (31%), poultry (15.2%) and fresh fruits and berries (12.7%). On the other hand, there was a decrease in the prices of sugar (17.1%), potatoes (5.7%), fresh or chilled fish (3.9%) and processed fruit

Ülo Paulus, leading analyst at Statistics Estonia, pointed out that in the second quarter, compared with the same period in 2024, the construction price index was primarily influenced by the increase in wages of workers, which accounted for 37% of the index change. However, the impact of wage growth on the change in the index was 5.5 percentage points lower than last year. “Compared with the first quarter of 2025, labour force was 0.1% more expensive, whereas the cost of using building machines and the price of building materials each increased by 1.2%. The rise in the cost of machinery was

According to Statistics Estonia, in the third quarter of 2022, the gross domestic product (GDP) fell by 2.4% year on year. The GDP at current prices was 9.3 billion euros.