Educational expenditure

Statistics Estonia

Population and Social Statistics Department

Käthrin Randoja

Analyst

18 Narva Rd., 51009 Tartu, Estonia

kathrin.randoja@stat.ee

+372 625 8404

15/03/2021

15/03/2021

Educational expenditure of educational institutions by type of education and source of financing

International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED 2011)

Type of owner

Formal education (pre-primary, general, vocational and higher education)

Educational expenditure – expenditure on formal education and ancillary services (e.g. catering, school transport, provision of accommodation, healthcare, provision of sports facilities). If an institution has any research and development activities (R&D), then these costs are included in educational expenditure. Educational expenditure consists of labour costs, other current expenditure and investments. If an institution provides other educational services besides formal education (e.g. hobby education or continuing vocational training for adults), the expenses for these services are deducted from total expenditure by type of expenditure.

Investments – costs related to acquiring or increasing the value of non-current assets (both tangible and intangible). Investments are shown at acquisition cost without depreciation. Investments include e.g. construction or capital repairs of buildings; extending facilities; the acquisition of equipment and machinery; establishing study libraries; acquisition of licences and special software. Also included are investments for R&D activities and for the provision of ancillary services.

Labour cost – labour costs include salaries and fringe benefits with all applicable taxes. Labour costs include costs for both teaching and nonteaching staff who provide formal education or ancillary services. Costs for staff engaged in R&D activities are also included here. Labour costs are indicated for natural persons employed based on the Employment Contracts Act as well as the Law of Obligations Act (for persons working based on the Law of Obligations Act only when the taxes paid on such salaries are calculated by the employer; if services are purchased from legal persons based on the Law of Obligations Act, such expenditures are indicated under other current expenditures).

Other current educational expenditures / current expenditure other than for staff compensation – current expenditure of the reference period that are not labour costs or investments. Current expenditures are: lease and rent of buildings or premises; utility costs; acquisition costs of smaller equipment, instruments, materials and other current assets; costs related to business trips; costs of repair works, telecommunications and information technology; costs of contractual and outsourced services; financial aid from own funds given to students, etc. Current expenditures do not include interest costs and costs related to the acquisition of non-current assets or the depreciation of non-current assets.

Private educational institution – an educational institution operating on the basis of the Private Schools Act and providing pre-primary, general, vocational or higher education.

Teaching staff cost – labour costs include salaries and fringe benefits with all applicable taxes. Teaching staff covers people engaged in pedagogical work (e.g. teacher, teacher’s aid, lecturer). If the working time of school staff is divided between different activities, these should be divided proportionally. Teaching staff does not include ancillary services providers, administrative tasks and support staff (e.g. librarian, psychologist, school nurse).

The source of financing/funding – the origin of the money received to cover educational expenditure. The sources are divided as follows:

1) goverment sources:

- state – sums received from the state budget funds, including from ministries, state institutions (e.g., Estonian Agricultural Registers and Information Board, Environmental Investment Centre) and state-owned foundations (e.g., Innove, Archimedes, Estonian Research Council, etc.);

- local government – sums received from local governments and their subunits (e.g., support, benefits, funds for covering expenses, etc.);

2) private sources:

- private person – tuition fees and other sums received from the student or his/her household for the acquisition of formal education, incl. sponsorship by private persons. E.g., sums to cover ancillary services – school meals, accommodation, school transport.;

- legal person – tuition fees, support, sponsorship, etc. received from private legal persons in Estonia;

- own funds – sums obtained from other activities (e.g., from in-service training), sums obtained based on research and development activities (R&D) agreements, contributions by owners of the educational institution, loans taken;

3) foreign sources /international sources – funds received from foreign legal persons and institutions, international organisations, including European Union programmes or funds. If the state is a co-funder, the sum must be divided by the proportion of co-funding, whereas the share of the state must be reflected under state funds and foreign funds under foreign sources.

Educational institution

Educational institutions

FRAME

List of licensed public and private schools and list of public universities compiled by the Ministry of Education and Research

Estonia as a whole

2005–…

Not applicable

Educational expenditure – euro

Year

DIRECTLY APPLICABLE LEGAL ACTS

Regulation (EC) No 452/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 April 2008 concerning the production and development of statistics on education and lifelong learning

Commission Regulation (EU) No 912/2013 of 23 September 2013 implementing Regulation (EC) No 452/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council concerning the production and development of statistics on education and lifelong learning, as regards statistics on education and training systems

OTHER LEGAL ACTS

NO_ENGLISH_VALUE

OTHER AGREEMENTS

United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)

Statistical Office of the European Union (Eurostat)

The dissemination of data collected for the purpose of producing official statistics is guided by the requirements provided for in § 32, § 34, § 35, § 38 of the Official Statistics Act.

The treatment of confidential data is regulated by the Procedure for Protection of Data Collected and Processed by Statistics Estonia (in Estonian). See more details on the website of Statistics Estonia in the section Õigusaktid.

Notifications about the dissemination of statistics are published in the release calendar, which is available on the website. Every year on 1 October, the release times of the statistical database, news releases, main indicators by IMF SDDS and publications for the following year are announced in the release calendar (in the case of publications – the release month).

Calendar

All users have been granted equal access to official statistics: dissemination dates of official statistics are announced in advance and no user category (incl. Eurostat, state authorities and mass media) is provided access to official statistics before other users. Official statistics are first published in the statistical database. If there is also a news release, it is published simultaneously with data in the statistical database. Official statistics are available on the website at 8:00 a.m. on the date announced in the release calendar.

Annual

Not published

Not published

Data are published in the statistical database at https://andmed.stat.ee/en/stat under the subject area “Social life / Education / General data of education” in the following tables:

HTG14: Expenditure by type of expenditure, source of financing, type of education and type of ownership

HTG15: Educational expenditure of private educational institutions by type of expenditure, type of education and source of financing

and under the subject area “Social life / Education / Higher education” in the following table:

HT71: Educational expenditure of public universities by source of financing

The dissemination of data collected for the purpose of producing official statistics is guided by the requirements provided for in § 33, § 34, § 35, § 36, § 38 of the Access to microdata and anonymisation of microdata are regulated by Statistics Estonia’s procedure for dissemination of confidential data for scientific purposes.

Every year on November 30th there is international data transmission to UOE (UOE - UNESCO-UIS/ OECD/ Eurostat).

UOE (UNESCO-UIS/ OECD/ Eurostat) data collection manual

Not available

To assure the quality of processes and products, Statistics Estonia applies the EFQM Excellence Model, the European Statistics Code of Practice and the Quality Assurance Framework of the European Statistical System (ESS QAF). Statistics Estonia is also guided by the requirements in § 7. “Principles and quality criteria of producing official statistics” of the Official Statistics Act.

Statistics Estonia performs all statistical activities according to an international model (Generic Statistical Business Process Model – GSBPM). According to the GSBPM, the final phase of statistical activities is overall evaluation using information gathered in each phase or sub-process; this information can take many forms, including feedback from users, process metadata, system metrics and suggestions from employees. This information is used to prepare the evaluation report which outlines all the quality problems related to the specific statistical activity and serves as input for improvement actions.

Ministry of Education and Research

Users’ suggestions and information about taking these into account are available on the website of Statistics Estonia at http://www.stat.ee/statistikatood.

Since 1996, Statistics Estonia has conducted reputation and user satisfaction surveys. All results are available on the website of Statistics Estonia in the section User surveys.

Use of administrative data ensures complete coverage and up-to-date data. The missing data collected by Statistics Estonia are imputed.

Using administrative data ensures data accuracy.

The accuracy of the data collected by Statistics Estonia is good.

Not applicable

The respondents may make mistakes during data entry. The data cleaners may make mistakes during data cleaning. Special cases may not fully fit into format. The definitions may be differently interpreted by people.

The data are published 280–900 days after the end of the reference year (T + 280 until T + 900).

The data have been published at the time announced in the release calendar.

The data are comparable with those of other European Union countries, as the statistics are compiled according to the same methodology (UOE (UNESCO-UIS/ OECD/ Eurostat) data collection manual).

The data are not comparable throughout the time series. There have been changes in data sources and in methodological details.

Until 2016 (inclusive) database table ES71 does not include R&D expenditure. Table HTG15 includes R&D costs from 2019 onwards.

When comparing statistics with data from other sources, the differences in methodology should be taken into account.

The outputs of the statistical activity are coherent.

Cost of statistical activity 7.7 thousand euros (data for 2018)

Total time of filling in reports of the statistical activity, working days: 43.1

Average time of filling in the reports, hours per report:

Avalik-õigusliku ülikooli hariduskulutused 7.5

Erakooli hariduskulutused 2.8

(data for 2016)

The data revision policy and notification of corrections are described in the section Principles of dissemination of official statistics of the website of Statistics Estonia.

The published data may be revised if the methodology is modified, errors are discovered, new or better data become available.

SURVEY DATA

Data on educational expenditure of private schools and public universities is collected with questionnaires. The samples are exhaustive.

ADMINISTRATIVE DATA

Data on educational expenditure of public schools is collected from the information system of governmental accounts of the State Shared Service Centre.

Data on students are extracted from the Estonian Education Information System (EHIS) of the Ministry of Education and Research.

DATA FROM OTHER STATISTICAL ACTIVITIES

Data of the statistical activity 21701 “Research and development” are partly used as a source for international output.

Annual

Data on educational expenditure not available in the information system of governmental accounts of the State Shared Service Centre is collected through eSTAT (the web channel for electronic data submission). eSTAT is also used to monitor the completion of questionnaires. The questionnaires have been designed for independent completion in eSTAT and include instructions and controls. The questionnaires and information about data submission are available on the website of Statistics Estonia in the section Questionnaires.

Data is collected with the annual official statistics questionnaires 1300 “Educational expenditures of private educational institutions” and 1301 “Educational expenditures of public universities”.

The data are compared with the data of previous periods. All columns are checked to make sure that they have been completed as required.

In the case of missing or unreliable data, the estimates are imputed according to the relevant guidelines. Variables and statistical units which were not collected but which are necessary for producing the output are calculated. New variables are calculated by applying arithmetic conversion to already existing variables. This may be done repeatedly, the derived variable may, in turn, be based on previously derived new variables.

Microdata are aggregated to the level necessary for analysis. This includes aggregating the data according to the classification, and calculating various statistical measures, e.g. average, median, dispersion, etc. The values of certain indicators have been estimated taking into account the proportional distribution between levels of education based on the number of students. The collected data are converted into statistical output. This includes calculating additional indicators.

Not applicable

Not available