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Breadcrumb

  1. Home
  2. Methodology and quality
  3. ESMS metadata
  4. Enterprise groups

Enterprise groups

1. Contact
1.1. Contact organisation

Statistics Estonia

1.2. Contact organisation unit

Data Processing and Registers Department

1.3. Contact name

Katrin Aasmäe

1.4. Contact person function

Leading Analyst

1.5. Contact mail address

51 Tatari Str, 10134 Tallinn, Estonia

1.6. Contact email address

katrin.aasmae [at] stat.ee

1.7. Contact phone number

37253881516

2. Metadata update
2.1. Metadata last certified

27/03/2025

2.2. Metadata last update

27/03/2025

3. Statistical presentation
3.1. Data description

Enterprise groups in Estonia by country, economic activity and type of enterprise group;

units in enterprise groups by economic activity and size groups based on number of persons employed

3.2. Classification system

Estonian Classification of Economic Activities (EMTAK 2008) based on NACE Rev. 2

International Standard Codes for the Representation of the Names of Countries (ISO 3166)

Classification of legal forms

3.3. Sector coverage

Enterprise groups are comprised of commercial undertakings. Besides a commercial enterprise, a non-profit association can be the group head.

3.4. Statistical concepts and definitions

Enterprise group – an association of enterprises bound together by legal and/or financial links. An enterprise group is formed by the parent company and it is directly and indirectly controlled subsidiaries. Control exists if one unit owns more than 50% of the voting shares of another enterprise or has dominant influence in some other way over the action and financial plans of the enterprise.

Group head – a parent legal unit which is not controlled either directly or indirectly by any other legal unit

Affiliate – an enterprise controlled by another legal unit

Nationality of the enterprise group – country, where the group head is registered

Estonian multinational enterprise group – an enterprise group under the control of an Estonian group head, which includes at least one subsidiary registered outside Estonia

Estonian all-resident group – an enterprise group under the control of an Estonian group head with all subsidiaries registered in Estonia

Foreign enterprise group – an enterprise group with the group head registered outside Estonia

EuroGroups Register – a register of enterprise groups active in the European Union administered by Eurostat

Enterprise – consists of one or more companies (public limited company, private limited company, limited partnership, general partnership, commercial association) or branches of foreign companies or sole proprietors.

3.5. Statistical unit

Legal unit;

enterprise;

enterprise group

3.6. Statistical population

Foreign-controlled enterprise groups located in Estonia, Estonian all-resident and multinational enterprise groups

FRAME

List of enterprise groups and their subsidiaries economically active in Estonia.

The list is generated from the business register for statistical purposes.

3.7. Reference area

Estonia as a whole

3.8. Time coverage

2004–…

3.9. Base period

Not applicable

4. Unit of measure

Statistical units – number

5. Reference period

Year

6. Institutional mandate
6.1. Legal acts and other agreements

DIRECTLY APPLICABLE LEGAL ACTS

Regulation (EC) No 1893/2006 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 20 December 2006 establishing the statistical classification of economic activities NACE Revision 2 and amending Council Regulation (EEC) No 3037/90 as well as certain EC Regulations on specific statistical domains

Regulation (EC) No 2019/2152 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 November 2019 on European business statistics, repealing 10 legal acts in the field of business statistics (Text with EEA relevance)

Council Regulation (EEC) No 696/93 of 15 March 1993 on the statistical units for the observation and analysis of the production system in the Community

OTHER LEGAL ACTS

Not available

OTHER AGREEMENTS

Statistical Office of the European Union (Eurostat)

7. Confidentiality
7.1. Confidentiality - policy

The dissemination of data collected for the purpose of producing official statistics is guided by the requirements provided for in § 32, § 34, § 35, § 38 of the Official Statistics Act.

7.2. Confidentiality - data treatment

The dissemination of data collected for the production of official statistics is based on the requirements laid down in §§ 34 and 35 of the Official Statistics Act. The principles for treatment of confidential data can be found here.

8. Release policy
8.1. Release calendar

Notifications about the dissemination of statistics are published in the release calendar, which is available on the website. Every year on 1 October, the release times of the statistical database, news releases, main indicators by IMF SDDS and publications for the following year are announced in the release calendar (in the case of publications – the release month).

8.2. Release calendar access

Calendar

8.3. User access

All users have been granted equal access to official statistics: dissemination dates of official statistics are announced in advance and no user category (incl. Eurostat, state authorities and mass media) is provided access to official statistics before other users. Official statistics are first published in the statistical database. If there is also a news release, it is published simultaneously with data in the statistical database. Official statistics are available on the website at 8:00 a.m. on the date announced in the release calendar.

9. Frequency of dissemination

Annual

10. Accessibility and clarity
10.1. News release

Not published

10.2. Publications

Not published

10.3. Online database

Data are published in the statistical database at https://andmed.stat.ee/en/stat under the subject area “Economy / Economic units / Enterprise groups” in the following tables:

ER012: Enterprise groups in Estonia by country and economic activity (EMTAK 2008)

ER014: Units in enterprise groups by economic activity (EMTAK 2008)

ER11: Enterprise groups by number of units

ER13: Units in enterprise groups by number of persons employed

10.4. Microdata access

The dissemination of data collected for the purpose of producing official statistics is guided by the requirements provided for in § 33, § 34, § 35, § 36, § 38 of the Official Statistics Act. Access to microdata and anonymization of microdata are regulated by Statistics Estonia’s procedure for dissemination of confidential data for scientific purposes.

10.5. Other

Data serve as input for statistical activity 20319 “Financial statistics of foreign affiliates”.

Microdata are submitted to Eurostat’s EuroGroups Register for updating.

10.6. Documentation on methodology

Regulation (EC) No 2019/2152 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 November 2019 on European business statistics, repealing 10 legal acts in the field of business statistics (Text with EEA relevance)

Council Regulation (EEC) No 696/93 of 15 March 1993 on the statistical units for the observation and analysis of the production system in the Community

International Guidelines on Statistical Business Registers, UNECE

Business Registers Recommendations Manual, Eurostat

10.7. Quality documentation

Not available

11. Quality management
11.1. Quality assurance

To assure the quality of processes and products, Statistics Estonia applies the EFQM Excellence Model, the European Statistics Code of Practice and the Quality Assurance Framework of the European Statistical System (ESS QAF). Statistics Estonia is also guided by the requirements in § 7. “Principles and quality criteria of producing official statistics” of the Official Statistics Act.

11.2. Quality assessment

Statistics Estonia performs all statistical activities according to an international model (Generic Statistical Business Process Model – GSBPM). According to the GSBPM, the final phase of statistical activities is overall evaluation using information gathered in each phase or sub-process; this information can take many forms, including feedback from users, process metadata, system metrics and suggestions from employees. This information is used to prepare the evaluation report which outlines all the quality problems related to the specific statistical activity and serves as input for improvement actions.

12. Relevance
12.1. User needs

Government and local government institutions;

Central Bank of Estonia (Eesti Pank);

non-profit organizations;

research and educational institutions;

entrepreneurs

12.2. User satisfaction

Since 1996, Statistics Estonia has conducted reputation and user satisfaction surveys. All results are available on the website of Statistics Estonia in the section User surveys.

12.3. Completeness

The business register for statistical purposes includes Estonian or foreign-controlled enterprise groups that include at least one legal unit registered in Estonia. The data of enterprise groups in the register comply with the data composition requirements of Regulation (EC) 2019/2152 of the European Parliament and of the Council.

13. Accuracy and reliability
13.1. Overall accuracy

The type of survey and the data collection methods ensure sufficient coverage and timeliness.

13.2. Sampling error

Not applicable

13.3. Non-sampling error

Not measured

14. Timeliness and punctuality
14.1. Timeliness

The data are published 120 days after the end of the reference year (T + 120).

14.2. Punctuality

The data have been published at the time announced in the release calendar.

15. Coherence and comparability
15.1. Comparability - geographical

The data are comparable with the data of other European Union (EU) countries. When compiling data for Estonia, the business register for statistical purposes is used, which is in compliance with the requirements of the EU regulation.

15.2. Comparability - over time

Statistics Estonia has been collecting data on enterprise groups active in Estonia regularly since 2005. The first published data are for 2004. The data of enterprise groups (number of subsidiaries, employed persons and employees) cover only subsidiaries registered in Estonia and economically active in 2004. As of 2013, the business register for statistical purposes, which is used as the basis for the statistical activity on enterprise groups, includes information on Estonian multinational enterprise groups besides the previously published data on foreign and Estonian resident enterprise groups. Branches of foreign companies and state and local government entities are not included among economic units.

15.3. Coherence - cross domain

For compiling the statistics, the data of statistical activity 20901 “Business register for statistical purposes” are used. The data of this statistical activity are used in statistical activity 20319 “Financial statistics of foreign affiliates” to determine the controlling country and identify foreign subsidiaries.

15.4. Coherence - internal

The outputs of the statistical activity are coherent. Higher-level aggregations are derived from detailed data according to pre-defined procedures.

16. Cost and burden

17. Data revision
17.1. Data revision - policy

The data revision policy and notification of corrections are described in the section Principles of dissemination of official statistics of the website of Statistics Estonia.

17.2. Data revision - practice

The published data may be revised if the methodology is modified, errors are discovered, new or better data become available.

18. Statistical processing
18.1. Source data

SURVEY DATA

Not used

ADMINISTRATIVE DATA

Data on shareholders of companies are received from the commercial register of the Centre of Registers and Information Systems and balance of payments' data from the Central Bank of Estonia (Eesti Pank).

DATA FROM OTHER STATISTICAL ACTIVITIES

Data from statistical activities 20300 “Financial statistics of enterprises (annual)”, 20319 "Financial statistics of foreign affiliates" and 20901 “Business register for statistical purposes”.

18.2. Frequency of data collection

Annual

18.3. Data collection

The data from the commercial register are obtained via X-Road. The data from the Central Bank of Estonia (Eesti Pank) are received by e-mail.

18.4. Data validation

Arithmetic and qualitative controls are used in the validation process, including comparison with the data of previous periods, other surveys and administrative data sources. Before data dissemination, internal coherence of the data is checked.

18.5. Data compilation

For producing statistics on enterprise groups, data from the business register for statistical purposes is used, based on which the groups' indicators are calculated and the main activity of the group is determined.

Since 2005 Statistics Estonia regularly collects data on enterprise groups operating in Estonia. The statistical unit “enterprise group” is compiled in the business register for statistical purposes based on the data on ownership links. The commercial register is the main data source used.

Since 2013 the statistical register also includes information on domestically controlled multinational groups (in addition to data on foreign-controlled enterprise groups and Estonian all-resident groups).

The concept of control is used to delineate enterprise groups. An enterprise may belong to just one enterprise group. Control exists if the unit owns more than 50% of another enterprise’s shareholdings with voting rights or has dominant influence over the medium and long-term strategies of another enterprise. Control means the ability to determine the general policy of an enterprise. It could be either ownership of more than 50% of the voting rights, or the legal or contractual right to appoint or withdraw the majority of management or a higher directing body. The ultimate controlling unit (group head) means the unit, proceeding up a chain of control, which is not controlled by another unit. In case of large multinational enterprise groups the chain of control may be long and complicated and cover several countries. To identify the ultimate group heads of foreign-controlled enterprise groups, Statistics Estonia uses the EuroGroups Register and the data on enterprises’ websites. The chain of control as at the end of the year is established.

Central and local government institutions, sole proprietors and branches of foreign companies in Estonia are not included into enterprise groups.

The published data on enterprise groups (number of members, number of employees, turnover) include only the data of resident members of enterprise groups active in the reference year.

18.6. Adjustment

Not applied

19. Comments

Not available

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stat [at] stat.ee

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