Estonia 2035
Kiirviited
Ava kõik atribuudid
Kontakt
Contact organisation: Statistics Estonia
Contact organisation unit: Population and Social Statistics Department
Contact name: Greta Tischler
Contact person function: Social Statistics Service Team, Analyst
Contact mail address: Vabaduse plats 2, 71020 Viljandi, Estonia
Contact email address: greta.tischler@stat.ee
Contact phone number: 372 510 7161
Metadata last certified 10/02/2026
Metadata last update 22/10/2025
Purpose
Calculation and publication of the indicators of the action plan of the "Estonia 2035" development strategy in the statistical database and applications of Statistics Estonia. "Estonia 2035" is Estonia's long-term development umbrella strategy, which sets out the strategic goals of the Estonian state and people and the changes needed to achieve these goals. The achievement of the strategy's goals is monitored using indicators published in the strategy's action plan, which is reviewed annually and updated as necessary. The strategy provides a unified direction for policymakers and decision-makers in various fields and for the use of EU funds. The development plans for various sectors are also guided by the "Estonia 2035" strategy. As part of this statistical activity, the current version of the list of action plan indicators is published. The indicators of the base principles, targets, and necessary changes established for monitoring the goals provide guidance to achieve a democratic and secure state where the Estonian nation, language and culture are preserved and developed.
Type of activity
Multisource process
Statistical presentation
Data description (S.3.1)
The “Estonia 2035” strategy sets out five long-term strategic goals that are based on the base principles. In order to measure the implementation of the objectives and activities of the strategy, the indicators in the action plan are divided into indicators of base principles, goals, and necessary changes. This statistical activity includes data that allow to monitor how Estonia is moving towards the five strategic goals defined in the “Estonia 2035” strategy.
The list of indicators is published on the government's website Strategic goals.
The list of indicators is published on the government's website Strategic goals.
Classification system (S.3.2)
Not applicable
Sector coverage (S.3.3)
Data are compiled on a cross-sectoral level.
Statistical concepts and definitions (S.3.4)
Accessibility indicator – accessibility of public service buildings, such as museums, libraries, cultural institutions, youth centres, and hobby schools, to residents of a municipality. In addition, the indicator shows the availability of services and information for people with special needs. By its nature, the indicator is an index and the source of it is the Ministry of Finance’s web application Minuomavalitsus.ee.
Active person indicator – the share of the population aged 18–65 who are studying or working and have participated in cultural activities and/or voluntary work
Caring and cooperation indicator – the share of survey participants who agreed with at least three of the four statements (answering “like me” or “very much like me”).
The statements are as follows:
- he thinks it is important that every person in the world should be treated equally; he believes everyone should have equal opportunities in life;
- it is important to him to listen to people who are different from him; even when he disagrees with them, he still wants to understand them;
- it is very important to him to help the people around him; he wants to care for their well-being;
- it is important for him to consider other people's opinions and find compromises when making important decisions.
The source of the indicator is the European Social Survey.
Circular material use rate – the share of the circular use of materials in overall material use
Cohort fertility rate – the average number of children born per woman throughout her reproductive life. The indicator is calculated by summing the number of children born to all women in the cohort over their lifetime and dividing it by the number of living women in the cohort. A cohort is a group of women born in the same year. The “Estonia 2035” strategy considers women aged 40.
Contacts between different groups of society – the average number of contacts between Estonians and persons of other ethnic nationalities in various spheres of life. Contacts or their absence are assessed based on how many interactions per month a person has with persons with a different mother tongue in 6 spheres of life: friends, family, leisure, internet, neighbours, work.
The source of the indicator is the Estonian Integration Monitoring of the Ministry of Culture.
Deaths due to accidents, poisoning and physical trauma – the number of deaths from accidents, poisoning, and trauma per 100,000 inhabitants. It includes causes of death corresponding to codes V01–Y89 in the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10).
Difference in labour force participation rate between counties – the difference between the Estonian average and the county with the lowest share of the labour force
Employed persons commuting by public transport, by bicycle or on foot – the share of employed persons who go to work every day by public transport, by bicycle or on foot
Energy consumption of residential and non-residential buildings – the energy consumption in residential, commercial and public service buildings
Environmental trend index – the share of improving environmental trends in the environmental indicators of sustainable development for Estonia. The trends of 36 indicators in total are assessed compared to the base year (2000 or first year available).
Estonia’s position in the Global Sustainable Development Goals Index rankings – shows where Estonia ranks in the global Sustainable Development Goals Index. The overall score shows the progress countries are making towards the 17 global SDGs. This is assessed on a 100-point scale where 1 means that none of the goals have been achieved and 100 indicates that all 17 SDGs have been achieved.
The source of the index is the United Nations.
Estonia’s position in the IMD World Competitiveness Index ranking – shows where Estonia ranks in the IMD World Competitiveness Index. The index expresses the country’s capacity to create and sustain the environment in order to ensure competitiveness of the private sector.
The source of the indicator is the International Institute for Management Development.
GDP per capita outside of Harju county as a share of the EU average – the GDP per capita generated in Estonia (excl. Harju county) compared to the EU average. Differences in price levels and exchange rates have been taken into account.
Gender Equality Index – the index measures gender equality in EU countries in six core domains: power, time, knowledge, health, money, and work. Gender equality is scored on a scale of 1 to 100 where 1 indicates complete inequality and 100 indicates complete equality between women and men.
The source of the indicator is the European Institute for Gender Equality.
Gender pay gap – the relative difference in hourly wages and salaries between men and women, expressed as a percentage. It is calculated by subtracting the average gross hourly wages and salaries of female employees from the average gross hourly wages salaries of male employees, and dividing the result by the average gross hourly wages and salaries of male employees. In the context of the gender pay gap the gross hourly wages and salaries are calculated without irregular bonuses and additional remuneration.
Government effectiveness – the sub-indicator of the Good Governance Index captures perceptions of the quality of public services, the quality of the civil service and the degree of its independence from political pressures, the quality of policy formulation and implementation, and the credibility of the government's commitment to such policies.
The source of the indicator is the World Bank.
Greenhouse gas emissions from the transport sector – greenhouse gas emissions from fuel combustion in the transport sector in tonnes of CO2 equivalent. Greenhouse gases here include carbon dioxide (CO₂), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N₂O). Fluorinated greenhouse gases, or F-gases – hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), perfluorocarbons (PFCs), sulphur hexafluoride (SF6), and nitrogen trifluoride (NF3) – are not included. The transport sector includes road, railway, water, and air transport within Estonia. Emissions from ships sailing in international waters and aircraft flying on international routes are not included.
Healthy life years – the mean number of years a newborn child is expected to live without limitation in functioning and without disability if the mortality and health indicators of the population remain unchanged.
The indicator in the strategy “Estonia 2035” is calculated separately for men and women. The indicator also shows disparities between counties for males and females compared to the Estonian average.
Income quintile share ratio – the ratio of the total income received by the top income quintile to the total income received by the bottom income quintile.
Income quintile is a fifth of the population ranked by the total annual equivalised disposable income. The fifth of the population with the smallest total equivalised disposable income is in the lowest quintile and the fifth of the population with the highest income in the top quintile.
Equivalised disposable income is household’s disposable income divided by the sum of household members’ equivalence scales.
Labour force participation rate – the share of the labour force (the total number of the employed and unemployed) in the working-age population
Labour productivity compared to the EU average – the productivity per person employed as a ratio to the European Union average shows the GDP per person employed compared to the European Union average
Local government revenues – represents the share of local government revenues in general government revenues
Net emissions of greenhouse gases (including LULUCF, i.e. the land use, land use change and forestry) – the total net greenhouse gas emissions of, taking into account the impact of the forestry and land use sector. Greenhouse gases include carbon dioxide (CO₂), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N₂O), and fluorinated greenhouse gases, or F-gases, (hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), perfluorocarbons (PFCs), sulphur hexafluoride (SF6), and nitrogen trifluoride (NF3)) emitted as a result of human activities. In the forestry and land use sector, removals of CO₂ from the atmosphere are generally higher than emissions of CO₂, which has an impact on total net emissions.
Number of researchers and engineers in the private sector – the number of researchers and engineers employed full-time in the private sector per 1,000 inhabitants
Overweight or obese population – represents the share of overweight or obese people in the population. Body mass index is the measure of a person's weight relative to height. A body mass index over 25 means that the person is considered overweight or obese. A person is considered overweight if his or her body mass index is 25.0– 29.9 and obese if the body mass index is equal to or greater than 30.
Participation in cultural activities – represents the share of the population aged 15 and over who participated in cultural activities (excl. sports competitions) in the past 12 months
Participation in formal and non-formal learning – the share of the 25–64-year-old Labour Force Survey participants who were engaged in formal and non-formal learning in the four weeks preceding the survey. Formal education provides the core knowledge, skills and competences that are recognised in society and the acquisition of which is usually formally assessed (pre-primary and basic education; general and vocational education; higher education (incl. master’s and doctoral studies)). Non-formal education is provided on the basis of specific training programmes and is intended for specific groups (occupational training, language learning, art classes, etc.).
Participation in informal learning – the share of the 25–64-year-old Labour Force Survey participants who were engaged in informal learning in the 12 months preceding the survey. Informal learning encompasses any unstructured learning in the workplace or with family and friends.
People who speak Estonian as their mother tongue – represents the share of the population who speak Estonian as their mother tongue among the population aged 15–74 in Estonia
People who use the Estonian language – represents the share of the population who use Estonian among the population aged 15–74 in Estonia
Perceived risk of becoming ill or disabled – represents the share of the respondents who perceive becoming ill or disabled as a risk.
The source of the indicator is the OECD Risks that Matter Survey.
Perceived risk of losing a job – represents the share of the respondents who perceive losing a job as a risk.
The source of the indicator is the OECD Risks that Matter Survey.
Perceived risk of struggling to meet all expenses – represents the share of the respondents who perceive struggling to meet all expenses as a risk.
The source of the indicator is the OECD Risks that Matter Survey.
Persistent at-risk-of-poverty rate – the share of the population whose equivalised disposable income was below the at-risk-of-poverty threshold for the given year and at least two out of the preceding three years. The at-risk-of-poverty threshold is 60%.
Persons aged 25‒34 with tertiary education – represents the share of the population aged 25‒34 who have higher or equivalent education (ISCED levels 5‒8).
Tertiary education includes short cycle tertiary education, Bachelor’s or equivalent level, Master’s or equivalent level, doctoral or equivalent level.
Population aged 16 and over with a high care burden – represents the share of the population aged 16 and over who have a high burden of care. It means that they need to spend at least 20 hours per week to assist or care for another member of the household.
Population figure – the number of people living in Estonia as at the beginning of the year (January 1). The population of Estonia includes Estonian citizens, persons with undetermined citizenship, and foreign nationals who live in Estonia for at least a year.
Population living outside of Harju and Tartu counties – represents the share of the population who live outside of Harju and Tartu counties. The goal is that the share of the population living in Harju and Tartu counties should not increase in comparison with the share of the population living elsewhere in Estonia. Therefore, the share of the population living outside of Harju and Tartu counties is monitored as a separate indicator.
Population who consider their neighbourhood safe – represents the share of people aged 15 and over who consider their neighbourhood safe
The source of the indicator is the Survey of the Public Opinion on Internal Security conducted by the Ministry of the Interior.
Population with a doctoral degree – represents the share of the population aged 25‒64 who have a doctoral degree (have completed residency training or received a PhD) at the beginning of the year
Population with professional and vocational education – represents the share of the population aged 25–64 with professional or vocational education
Position in the Global Presence Index ranking – shows where Estonia ranks in terms of global visibility/presence in economic, military, and other areas
- Economic presence – exports of energy products, primary goods, and manufactured goods as well as exports of services and the stock of foreign direct investment abroad are taken into account
- Military presence – the number of military personnel deployed in international missions and bases overseas is considered. The weighted sum of military equipment (aircraft carriers, big ships, destroyers, frigates, nuclear-powered submarines, amphibious ships, medium and heavy strategic aeroplanes, and tanker aircraft) is taken into account.
- Soft presence – the number of international immigrants and non-resident tourists, and achievements in sports are considered. Exports of cultural goods, number of mentions in news of main international press agencies (Associated Press, Reuters, AFP, DPA, ITAR-TASS, EFE, ANSA, Xinhua), and internet bandwidth (Mbps) are taken into account. External income for the use of intellectual property and the number of foreign-oriented patents are looked at closely. In the domain of science, the number of articles, notes, and reviews published in various fields are considered. In education, the number of foreign students in tertiary education is looked at, and under development cooperation, the total gross flows of official development aid are taken into account.
The source of the indicator is the Elcano Royal Institute for International and Strategic Studies.
Regional differences in satisfaction with the living environment – the difference in satisfaction with the living environment between the local governments of the highest decile and the local governments of the lowest decile
Regulatory quality – the sub-indicator of the Good Governance Index captures perceptions of the ability of the government to formulate and implement sound policies and regulations that permit and promote private sector development
The source of the indicator is the World Bank.
Share of renewable energy in final energy consumption – the share of energy produced from renewable energy sources in final energy consumption
Renewable energy sources include hydropower, wind, solar, geothermal, wave and tidal energy, biomass, landfill gas, gas from wastewater treatment, and biogas.
Final energy consumption refers to the consumption of energy that is obtained and consumed after all interim conversions into other forms of energy (electricity, heat, fuel). Final consumption excludes the use of fuel as a raw material, power plant consumption and losses.
Research and development expenditure in private sector – represents the share of the private sector research and development expenditure in the GDP.
Research and development means creative and systematic work undertaken for the generation and application of new knowledge.
Residents who consider Estonia safe – represents the share of the population aged 15 and over who consider Estonia a safe country.
The source of the indicator is the Survey of the Public Opinion on Internal Security conducted by the Ministry of the Interior.
Resource productivity – the ratio of domestic material consumption to gross domestic product (GDP). The indicator shows the amount of economic benefit in euros generated per kilogramme of material consumed in the country. Domestic material consumption is defined as the quantity of raw materials extracted from the domestic territory, plus all physical imports minus all physical exports.
Satisfaction with local government services – shows the satisfaction of the public services among the residents of Estonia. Above 75 is an excellent score, above 65 is good, and below 64 (inclusive) needs improvement.
Satisfaction with public digital services among private persons – the satisfaction with public e-services (e-self-service, webpage, email, smart application, social media) among the population of Estonia.
The source of the indicator is the public service catalogue of the Ministry of Economic Affairs and Communications.
Satisfaction with the living environment – represents the share of the population who are satisfied with their living environment
Trust in Government of the Republic – represents the share of citizens who trust the Government of Estonia.
The source of the indicator is Eurobarometer.
Trust in local government – represents the share of citizens who trust local government.
The source of the indicator is Eurobarometer.
Trust in Riigikogu – represents the share of citizens who trust the Parliament of Estonia (Riigikogu)
The source of the indicator is Eurobarometer.
Voice and accountability – the sub-indicator of the Good Governance Index captures perceptions of the extent to which a country's citizens are able to participate in selecting their government, as well as freedom of expression, freedom of association, and a free media.
The source of the indicator is the World Bank.
Active person indicator – the share of the population aged 18–65 who are studying or working and have participated in cultural activities and/or voluntary work
Caring and cooperation indicator – the share of survey participants who agreed with at least three of the four statements (answering “like me” or “very much like me”).
The statements are as follows:
- he thinks it is important that every person in the world should be treated equally; he believes everyone should have equal opportunities in life;
- it is important to him to listen to people who are different from him; even when he disagrees with them, he still wants to understand them;
- it is very important to him to help the people around him; he wants to care for their well-being;
- it is important for him to consider other people's opinions and find compromises when making important decisions.
The source of the indicator is the European Social Survey.
Circular material use rate – the share of the circular use of materials in overall material use
Cohort fertility rate – the average number of children born per woman throughout her reproductive life. The indicator is calculated by summing the number of children born to all women in the cohort over their lifetime and dividing it by the number of living women in the cohort. A cohort is a group of women born in the same year. The “Estonia 2035” strategy considers women aged 40.
Contacts between different groups of society – the average number of contacts between Estonians and persons of other ethnic nationalities in various spheres of life. Contacts or their absence are assessed based on how many interactions per month a person has with persons with a different mother tongue in 6 spheres of life: friends, family, leisure, internet, neighbours, work.
The source of the indicator is the Estonian Integration Monitoring of the Ministry of Culture.
Deaths due to accidents, poisoning and physical trauma – the number of deaths from accidents, poisoning, and trauma per 100,000 inhabitants. It includes causes of death corresponding to codes V01–Y89 in the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10).
Difference in labour force participation rate between counties – the difference between the Estonian average and the county with the lowest share of the labour force
Employed persons commuting by public transport, by bicycle or on foot – the share of employed persons who go to work every day by public transport, by bicycle or on foot
Energy consumption of residential and non-residential buildings – the energy consumption in residential, commercial and public service buildings
Environmental trend index – the share of improving environmental trends in the environmental indicators of sustainable development for Estonia. The trends of 36 indicators in total are assessed compared to the base year (2000 or first year available).
Estonia’s position in the Global Sustainable Development Goals Index rankings – shows where Estonia ranks in the global Sustainable Development Goals Index. The overall score shows the progress countries are making towards the 17 global SDGs. This is assessed on a 100-point scale where 1 means that none of the goals have been achieved and 100 indicates that all 17 SDGs have been achieved.
The source of the index is the United Nations.
Estonia’s position in the IMD World Competitiveness Index ranking – shows where Estonia ranks in the IMD World Competitiveness Index. The index expresses the country’s capacity to create and sustain the environment in order to ensure competitiveness of the private sector.
The source of the indicator is the International Institute for Management Development.
GDP per capita outside of Harju county as a share of the EU average – the GDP per capita generated in Estonia (excl. Harju county) compared to the EU average. Differences in price levels and exchange rates have been taken into account.
Gender Equality Index – the index measures gender equality in EU countries in six core domains: power, time, knowledge, health, money, and work. Gender equality is scored on a scale of 1 to 100 where 1 indicates complete inequality and 100 indicates complete equality between women and men.
The source of the indicator is the European Institute for Gender Equality.
Gender pay gap – the relative difference in hourly wages and salaries between men and women, expressed as a percentage. It is calculated by subtracting the average gross hourly wages and salaries of female employees from the average gross hourly wages salaries of male employees, and dividing the result by the average gross hourly wages and salaries of male employees. In the context of the gender pay gap the gross hourly wages and salaries are calculated without irregular bonuses and additional remuneration.
Government effectiveness – the sub-indicator of the Good Governance Index captures perceptions of the quality of public services, the quality of the civil service and the degree of its independence from political pressures, the quality of policy formulation and implementation, and the credibility of the government's commitment to such policies.
The source of the indicator is the World Bank.
Greenhouse gas emissions from the transport sector – greenhouse gas emissions from fuel combustion in the transport sector in tonnes of CO2 equivalent. Greenhouse gases here include carbon dioxide (CO₂), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N₂O). Fluorinated greenhouse gases, or F-gases – hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), perfluorocarbons (PFCs), sulphur hexafluoride (SF6), and nitrogen trifluoride (NF3) – are not included. The transport sector includes road, railway, water, and air transport within Estonia. Emissions from ships sailing in international waters and aircraft flying on international routes are not included.
Healthy life years – the mean number of years a newborn child is expected to live without limitation in functioning and without disability if the mortality and health indicators of the population remain unchanged.
The indicator in the strategy “Estonia 2035” is calculated separately for men and women. The indicator also shows disparities between counties for males and females compared to the Estonian average.
Income quintile share ratio – the ratio of the total income received by the top income quintile to the total income received by the bottom income quintile.
Income quintile is a fifth of the population ranked by the total annual equivalised disposable income. The fifth of the population with the smallest total equivalised disposable income is in the lowest quintile and the fifth of the population with the highest income in the top quintile.
Equivalised disposable income is household’s disposable income divided by the sum of household members’ equivalence scales.
Labour force participation rate – the share of the labour force (the total number of the employed and unemployed) in the working-age population
Labour productivity compared to the EU average – the productivity per person employed as a ratio to the European Union average shows the GDP per person employed compared to the European Union average
Local government revenues – represents the share of local government revenues in general government revenues
Net emissions of greenhouse gases (including LULUCF, i.e. the land use, land use change and forestry) – the total net greenhouse gas emissions of, taking into account the impact of the forestry and land use sector. Greenhouse gases include carbon dioxide (CO₂), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N₂O), and fluorinated greenhouse gases, or F-gases, (hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), perfluorocarbons (PFCs), sulphur hexafluoride (SF6), and nitrogen trifluoride (NF3)) emitted as a result of human activities. In the forestry and land use sector, removals of CO₂ from the atmosphere are generally higher than emissions of CO₂, which has an impact on total net emissions.
Number of researchers and engineers in the private sector – the number of researchers and engineers employed full-time in the private sector per 1,000 inhabitants
Overweight or obese population – represents the share of overweight or obese people in the population. Body mass index is the measure of a person's weight relative to height. A body mass index over 25 means that the person is considered overweight or obese. A person is considered overweight if his or her body mass index is 25.0– 29.9 and obese if the body mass index is equal to or greater than 30.
Participation in cultural activities – represents the share of the population aged 15 and over who participated in cultural activities (excl. sports competitions) in the past 12 months
Participation in formal and non-formal learning – the share of the 25–64-year-old Labour Force Survey participants who were engaged in formal and non-formal learning in the four weeks preceding the survey. Formal education provides the core knowledge, skills and competences that are recognised in society and the acquisition of which is usually formally assessed (pre-primary and basic education; general and vocational education; higher education (incl. master’s and doctoral studies)). Non-formal education is provided on the basis of specific training programmes and is intended for specific groups (occupational training, language learning, art classes, etc.).
Participation in informal learning – the share of the 25–64-year-old Labour Force Survey participants who were engaged in informal learning in the 12 months preceding the survey. Informal learning encompasses any unstructured learning in the workplace or with family and friends.
People who speak Estonian as their mother tongue – represents the share of the population who speak Estonian as their mother tongue among the population aged 15–74 in Estonia
People who use the Estonian language – represents the share of the population who use Estonian among the population aged 15–74 in Estonia
Perceived risk of becoming ill or disabled – represents the share of the respondents who perceive becoming ill or disabled as a risk.
The source of the indicator is the OECD Risks that Matter Survey.
Perceived risk of losing a job – represents the share of the respondents who perceive losing a job as a risk.
The source of the indicator is the OECD Risks that Matter Survey.
Perceived risk of struggling to meet all expenses – represents the share of the respondents who perceive struggling to meet all expenses as a risk.
The source of the indicator is the OECD Risks that Matter Survey.
Persistent at-risk-of-poverty rate – the share of the population whose equivalised disposable income was below the at-risk-of-poverty threshold for the given year and at least two out of the preceding three years. The at-risk-of-poverty threshold is 60%.
Persons aged 25‒34 with tertiary education – represents the share of the population aged 25‒34 who have higher or equivalent education (ISCED levels 5‒8).
Tertiary education includes short cycle tertiary education, Bachelor’s or equivalent level, Master’s or equivalent level, doctoral or equivalent level.
Population aged 16 and over with a high care burden – represents the share of the population aged 16 and over who have a high burden of care. It means that they need to spend at least 20 hours per week to assist or care for another member of the household.
Population figure – the number of people living in Estonia as at the beginning of the year (January 1). The population of Estonia includes Estonian citizens, persons with undetermined citizenship, and foreign nationals who live in Estonia for at least a year.
Population living outside of Harju and Tartu counties – represents the share of the population who live outside of Harju and Tartu counties. The goal is that the share of the population living in Harju and Tartu counties should not increase in comparison with the share of the population living elsewhere in Estonia. Therefore, the share of the population living outside of Harju and Tartu counties is monitored as a separate indicator.
Population who consider their neighbourhood safe – represents the share of people aged 15 and over who consider their neighbourhood safe
The source of the indicator is the Survey of the Public Opinion on Internal Security conducted by the Ministry of the Interior.
Population with a doctoral degree – represents the share of the population aged 25‒64 who have a doctoral degree (have completed residency training or received a PhD) at the beginning of the year
Population with professional and vocational education – represents the share of the population aged 25–64 with professional or vocational education
Position in the Global Presence Index ranking – shows where Estonia ranks in terms of global visibility/presence in economic, military, and other areas
- Economic presence – exports of energy products, primary goods, and manufactured goods as well as exports of services and the stock of foreign direct investment abroad are taken into account
- Military presence – the number of military personnel deployed in international missions and bases overseas is considered. The weighted sum of military equipment (aircraft carriers, big ships, destroyers, frigates, nuclear-powered submarines, amphibious ships, medium and heavy strategic aeroplanes, and tanker aircraft) is taken into account.
- Soft presence – the number of international immigrants and non-resident tourists, and achievements in sports are considered. Exports of cultural goods, number of mentions in news of main international press agencies (Associated Press, Reuters, AFP, DPA, ITAR-TASS, EFE, ANSA, Xinhua), and internet bandwidth (Mbps) are taken into account. External income for the use of intellectual property and the number of foreign-oriented patents are looked at closely. In the domain of science, the number of articles, notes, and reviews published in various fields are considered. In education, the number of foreign students in tertiary education is looked at, and under development cooperation, the total gross flows of official development aid are taken into account.
The source of the indicator is the Elcano Royal Institute for International and Strategic Studies.
Regional differences in satisfaction with the living environment – the difference in satisfaction with the living environment between the local governments of the highest decile and the local governments of the lowest decile
Regulatory quality – the sub-indicator of the Good Governance Index captures perceptions of the ability of the government to formulate and implement sound policies and regulations that permit and promote private sector development
The source of the indicator is the World Bank.
Share of renewable energy in final energy consumption – the share of energy produced from renewable energy sources in final energy consumption
Renewable energy sources include hydropower, wind, solar, geothermal, wave and tidal energy, biomass, landfill gas, gas from wastewater treatment, and biogas.
Final energy consumption refers to the consumption of energy that is obtained and consumed after all interim conversions into other forms of energy (electricity, heat, fuel). Final consumption excludes the use of fuel as a raw material, power plant consumption and losses.
Research and development expenditure in private sector – represents the share of the private sector research and development expenditure in the GDP.
Research and development means creative and systematic work undertaken for the generation and application of new knowledge.
Residents who consider Estonia safe – represents the share of the population aged 15 and over who consider Estonia a safe country.
The source of the indicator is the Survey of the Public Opinion on Internal Security conducted by the Ministry of the Interior.
Resource productivity – the ratio of domestic material consumption to gross domestic product (GDP). The indicator shows the amount of economic benefit in euros generated per kilogramme of material consumed in the country. Domestic material consumption is defined as the quantity of raw materials extracted from the domestic territory, plus all physical imports minus all physical exports.
Satisfaction with local government services – shows the satisfaction of the public services among the residents of Estonia. Above 75 is an excellent score, above 65 is good, and below 64 (inclusive) needs improvement.
Satisfaction with public digital services among private persons – the satisfaction with public e-services (e-self-service, webpage, email, smart application, social media) among the population of Estonia.
The source of the indicator is the public service catalogue of the Ministry of Economic Affairs and Communications.
Satisfaction with the living environment – represents the share of the population who are satisfied with their living environment
Trust in Government of the Republic – represents the share of citizens who trust the Government of Estonia.
The source of the indicator is Eurobarometer.
Trust in local government – represents the share of citizens who trust local government.
The source of the indicator is Eurobarometer.
Trust in Riigikogu – represents the share of citizens who trust the Parliament of Estonia (Riigikogu)
The source of the indicator is Eurobarometer.
Voice and accountability – the sub-indicator of the Good Governance Index captures perceptions of the extent to which a country's citizens are able to participate in selecting their government, as well as freedom of expression, freedom of association, and a free media.
The source of the indicator is the World Bank.
Statistical unit (S.3.5)
Not applicable
Statistical population (S.3.6)
Not applicable
Reference area (S.3.7)
The data characterise the whole of Estonia, except for the indicators "Share of population living outside Harju and Tartu counties" and "GDP per capita outside Harju county as a share of the EU average".
Time coverage (S.3.8)
2013–…
Base period (S.3.9)
When calculating the environmental trends index, the trends of 36 indicators are assessed in comparison with the base year (2000 or the first available year). The index shows the share of improving environmental trends in Estonia's sustainable development indicators in the field of the environment.
Reference period
Year
Institutional mandate
Legal acts and other agreements (S.6.1)
Official Statistics Act.
The indicators are based on the metrics of the action plan of the "Estonia 2035" strategy. The strategy documents are available here.
The indicators are based on the metrics of the action plan of the "Estonia 2035" strategy. The strategy documents are available here.
Data sharing (S.6.2)
None