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According to the data of the 2011 Population and Housing Census (PHC 2011), 75.2% of Estonian residents are native population.

According to the data of the 2011 Population and Housing Census (PHC 2011), 388,077 persons or 30% of Estonian residents suffered from some long-term illness or health problem. People with higher education suffer from long-term illnesses on average two times less than persons with basic or lower education.

According to Statistics Estonia, the unemployment rate was 7.4% and the employment rate was 63% in 2014. Unemployment has decreased and employment has increased since 2011, but these changes have gradually slowed down.

According to Statistics Estonia, 14,822 persons immigrated to and 13,792 persons emigrated from Estonia in 2016. Immigration exceeded emigration for the second year. Most of the migrants were Estonian citizens, but their net migration was negative.

At the end of October, SHARE survey will begin again. The survey is used to collect data on health, ageing and retirement of people aged 50 and older.

According to Statistics Estonia, in 2009 the average income of population decreased and the unemployment increased due to the economic crisis, but increased pensions and governmental benefits helped people to prevent the fall in poverty.

According to Statistics Estonia, unemployed persons numbered 51,000 and the unemployment rate was 7.5% in the 3rd quarter of 2014. Employment increased slightly, but the overall changes in employment and unemployment were minor.

According to Statistics Estonia, in the 1st quarter of 2017, the unemployment rate was 5.6%, the employment rate 66.3% and the labour force participation rate 70.2%. The labour force participation rate reached a record level in comparison with the 1st quarters of previous years.

According to Statistics Estonia, 4,637 persons emigrated from Estonia and 3,904 persons immigrated to Estonia in 2014. The volume of emigration was 30% smaller than in the previous three years.