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Births and deaths are a normal part of life. They also have an impact on the number of population of a country. Around a half of deaths in Estonia are caused by diseases of the circulatory system, followed by cancers. The number of deaths caused by cancers gradually increases with age. The causes of death are very different by age. Almost a half of the deaths of children and young people are a result of accidents. Deaths caused by accidents decrease with age. The data on the deaths of Estonian inhabitants help to predict population change and implement measures to prevent early deaths.

Population is renewed by births. Birth rate is a socially important issue, but having children always comes down to a very personal decision, which must be respected. In Estonia, the birth rate has been significantly lower than the replacement level throughout the period of re-independence. For natural replacement of the population in Estonia, there should be more than two children in a family. However, from the third child onward, the financial stress of families is greater than with the first two children, which means that some children may not be born. In Estonia, significant measures have

A country’s greatest wealth is the people who live there. Knowing who make up the country's population tells us also about its past, present and future. Population includes all people living in the country, including foreign nationals and stateless persons. Population indicators show the breakdown of people living in Estonia by sex, age, nationality and educational level as well as where they come from. In Estonia, it is necessary to make sure that future generations will continue to sustain local life. The main population indicators are the following: population figure as at the beginning of

Global and local environmental goals focus largely on reaching a balance between limited ecological resources and people’s well-being. According to the strategy “Sustainable Estonia 21”, achieving an ecological balance requires using natural resources sustainably, reducing pollution and preserving biological diversity and natural areas. Globally, the aims are to stop activities contributing to climate change, to consume and produce in a sustainable and clean way, to preserve water resources and to produce energy using environmentally friendly solutions. Data on the environment are necessary to

Biodiversity (biological diversity) is a common good, which needs to be carefully preserved. The protection and sustainable use of ecosystems and species contribute to reducing environmental pressure and natural disasters. Healthy and coherent ecosystems also mitigate the effects of global warming. One of the global sustainable development goals is to reduce the degradation of natural habitats and halt the loss of biodiversity. Statistics Estonia publishes the following information on biodiversity, its protection and land use: natural habitats and endangered species; protected plants and

The green economy seeks a balance between human needs and the conservation of natural resources. More energy and material-efficient production, protecting the environment, manufacturing products with higher value-added as well as eco-design should ensure that human activities are more compatible with the nature's cycles and not a burden on nature. Green economy statistics provide an overview of the environmental goods and services sector’s output; exports; employment; value added; share in total economy. Based on statistics, the state can decide how to manage resources sustainably.

People have worked the soil in Estonia for centuries, and this has affected our nature and land. Land is cultivated on about one fifth of Estonia's territory. Agriculture has enabled us to shape and maintain semi-natural habitats. Their diversity and survival depend on how well we are able to preserve them. However, agriculture can also adversely affect nature, by polluting soil, water or air, fragmenting habitats and destroying wildlife, both in inland water bodies and on land. Statistics Estonia publishes information on 28 agri-environmental indicators set by the European Commission. These

The focus of the goal “Viability of Cultural Space” is ensuring through culture the sustainability and viability of Estonia as a nation state. The values, principles, methods, behavioural patterns, ways of thinking and life associated with sustainable development represent social innovation, a fundamental change in social life, which can be successfully carried out through culture. The UN 2030 Agenda does not include goals or target levels directly associated with culture. Some principles related to culture are however highlighted. Ensuring the viability of the Estonian cultural space is one